Editing Jackson Township, New Jersey (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1850= 1333 | 1850n=*
| 1860= 1606
| 1870= 1755
| 1880= 1803
| 1890= 1717
| 1900= 1595
| 1910= 1325
| 1920= 1268
| 1930= 1719
| 1940= 2153
| 1950= 3513
| 1960= 5939
| 1970=18276
| 1980=25644
| 1990=33233
| 2000=42816
| 2010=54856
| 2020=58544
| estimate=60275
| estyear=2023
| estref=<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=PopEst>[https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/mcds/totals/SUB-MCD-EST2023-POP-34.xlsx Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524044012/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2023/mcds/totals/SUB-MCD-EST2023-POP-34.xlsx |date=May 24, 2024 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], released May 2024. Accessed May 16, 2024.</ref>
| footnote=Population sources:<small> 1850–2000<ref>Barnett, Bob. [http://westjersey.org/popoce_04.htm Population Data for Ocean County Municipalities, 1850 – 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928005127/http://westjersey.org/popoce_04.htm |date=September 28, 2018 }}, WestJersey.org, January 6, 2011. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref><br />1850–1920<ref>[https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full ''Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226125132/https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full |date=February 26, 2021 }}, [[New Jersey Department of State]], 1906. Accessed October 16, 2013.</ref> 1850–1870<ref>Raum, John O. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5qZ4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280 ''The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714225411/https://books.google.com/books?id=5qZ4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA280 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, p. 280, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed December 25, 2012. "Jackson is in the northern part of the county, and contained in 1850, 1,333 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,606; and in 1870, 1,755."</ref><br />1850<ref>[[J. D. B. De Bow|Debow, James Dunwoody Brownson]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=25TicJOdU0AC&pg=PA140 ''The Seventh Census of the United States: 1850''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714233542/https://books.google.com/books?id=25TicJOdU0AC&pg=PA140 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, p. 140. R. Armstrong, 1853. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref> 1870<ref>Staff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gNwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA260 ''A compendium of the ninth census, 1870''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714233452/https://books.google.com/books?id=gNwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA260 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, p. 260. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1872. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref> 1880–1890<ref>Porter, Robert Percival. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8gUkQkJdLpsC&pg=PA99 ''Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III – 51 to 75''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714225402/https://books.google.com/books?id=8gUkQkJdLpsC&pg=PA99 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, p. 99. [[United States Census Bureau]], 1890. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref><br />1890–1910<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T9HrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA338 ''Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714225901/https://books.google.com/books?id=T9HrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA338 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 338. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref> 1910–1930<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA718 ''Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 – Population Volume I''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714225902/https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA718 |date=July 14, 2023 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], p. 718. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref><br />1940–2000<ref>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2kpub/njsdcp3.pdf#page=27 Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005222054/https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2kpub/njsdcp3.pdf#page=27 |date=October 5, 2022 }}, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref> 2000<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/><br>2010<ref name=APP2010>[http://php.app.com/census/results2.php?pageNum_Recordset1=1&totalRows_Recordset1=34&State=NJ&County=Ocean&Town=%25&Submit=Search Ocean county: 2010 Census Populations], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]''. Accessed</ref><ref name=Census2010>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3402934680 DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Jackson Township, Ocean County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212102634/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0600000US3402934680 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 8, 2012.</ref><ref name=LWD2010>[http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_oce/jackson1.pdf Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Jackson township] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116193318/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_oce/jackson1.pdf |date=2014-01-16 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed January 8, 2012.</ref> 2020<ref name=Census2020>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/jacksontownshipoceancountynewjersey QuickFacts Jackson township, Ocean County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607142719/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/jacksontownshipoceancountynewjersey |date=June 7, 2024 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 15, 2023.</ref><ref name=LWD2020>[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084623/https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf |date=February 13, 2023 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref><br />* = Lost territory in previous decade.<ref name=Story/></small>
}}

Jackson Township is a suburban community that is sparsely populated, with most residents owning their homes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/jackson-township-ocean-nj/|title=NICHE|website=www.neighborhoodscout.com|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801214635/https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/jackson-township-ocean-nj/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2010 census===

The [[2010 United States census]] counted 54,856 people, 19,417 households, and 15,048 families in the township. The [[population density]] was {{convert|552.7|/sqmi}}. There were 20,342 housing units at an average density of {{convert|205.0|/sqmi}}. The racial makeup was 88.90% (48,765) [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 4.86% (2,664) [[Black (U.S. census)|Black or African American]], 0.10% (57) [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 2.95% (1,616) [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.03% (18) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.27% (696) from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census#Race|other races]], and 1.90% (1,040) from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. census)|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 7.83% (4,295) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/>

Of the 19,417 households, 35.2% had children under the age of 18; 63.8% were married couples living together; 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 22.5% were non-families. Of all households, 18.2% were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.21.<ref name=Census2010/>

24.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.4 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 [[American Community Survey]] showed that (in 2010 [[inflation adjustment|inflation-adjusted]] dollars) [[median household income]] was $86,327 (with a margin of error of +/− $2,941) and the median family income was $96,171 (+/− $2,734). Males had a median income of $68,985 (+/− $4,126) versus $45,714 (+/− $2,238) for females. The [[per capita income]] for the township was $34,521 (+/− $912). About 2.8% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3402934680 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Jackson township, Ocean County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212083032/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3402934680 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 8, 2012.</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census]]<ref name="GR2" /> there were 42,816 people, 14,176 households, and 11,269 families residing in the township. The population density was {{convert|427.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 14,640 housing units at an average density of {{convert|146.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the township was 91.26% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 3.90% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.06% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.97% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.67% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.78% of the population.<ref name=Census2000>[http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/0603402934680.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Jackson township, Ocean County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116193317/http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/0603402934680.pdf |date=2014-01-16 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3402934680 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Jackson township, Ocean County, New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212102035/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3402934680 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed December 25, 2012.</ref>

There were 14,176 households, out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.5% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.38.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the township the population was spread out, with 29.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 34.2% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the township was $65,218, and the median income for a family was $71,045. Males had a median income of $51,276 versus $33,882 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the township was $23,981. About 2.5% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

===Orthodox Jewish community===
Since 2016, the [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] population has been growing in central and eastern Jackson Township, along the border with [[Lakewood Township, New Jersey|Lakewood Township]], due to the more affordable housing and quieter lifestyle that Jackson Township offers over Lakewood.<ref>[https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2016/03/18/orthodox-home-sales-jackson-toms-river/81091688// "Culture Shock over Orthodox Expansion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607142551/https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2016/03/18/orthodox-home-sales-jackson-toms-river/81091688/ |date=June 7, 2024 }}, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', March 19, 2016. Accessed July 14, 2018.</ref> By 2020, the Orthodox Jewish community had grown to approximately 500 families,<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1277881/download "United States of America, Plaintiff, v. Township of Jackson and Jackson Planning Board, Defendants."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722072718/http://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1277881/download |date=July 22, 2023 }}, [[United States Department of Justice]]. Accessed August 26, 2020. "Approximately 500 Orthodox Jewish families live in Jackson Township."</ref> out of 19,400 total households, from a limited presence just a few years prior.<ref name=Census2010/>

A series of pending lawsuits allege that Jackson Township has passed multiple ordinances trying to stymie movement from Lakewood to Jackson. A "no knock" ordinance had been passed by Jackson prohibiting door-to-door solicitation after residents complained of an increase in real estate solicitations. Ordinances were passed that were restrictive to the Orthodox Jewish lifestyle; efforts to open [[yeshiva]]s in the township, often accompanied by dormitories, were blocked by newly adopted ordinances that restricted new schools and prohibited dormitories. ''[[Eruv]]s'' (symbolic religious enclosures) were determined not to meet building and construction codes after a new ordinance was passed that tightened restrictions on items placed in the public "right-of-way".<ref>[[Joseph Berger (author)|Berger, Joseph]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html "Uneasy Welcome as Ultra-Orthodox Jews Extend Beyond New York"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028083532/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html |date=October 28, 2022 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 2, 2017. Accessed March 18, 2020. "Jersey City, Toms River and Jackson have all passed no-knock ordinances barring such inquiries under the threat of fines or have banned solicitations altogether.... With adequate homes hard to come by in Lakewood, Orthodox and Hasidic families have been buying properties in nearby Toms River and Jackson.... In March, Jackson adopted an ordinance banning school dormitories, which seemed aimed at yeshivas that draw students from afar. Agudath Israel of America, an umbrella group for ultra-Orthodox and Hasidic organizations, filed a federal suit in May arguing that the ordinance violated federal land-use laws intended to protect religious groups against burdensome local restrictions."</ref><ref>Davis, Mike.[https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2019/05/20/jackson-outrageously-targeted-orthodox-jews-lawsuit-claims/1150572001/ "Jackson 'outrageously targeted' Orthodox Jews, lawsuit claims"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607143654/https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2019/05/20/jackson-outrageously-targeted-orthodox-jews-lawsuit-claims/1150572001/ |date=June 7, 2024 }}, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', May 20, 2019. Accessed March 18, 2020. "Jackson - The alleged 'outrageous targeting' of Orthodox Jews by the township has brought tensions to new heights, with a new lawsuit claiming local officials have been 'religiously and racially discriminatory.'... Schnall estimated that nearly 1,000 Orthodox Jewish families live in Jackson, with 1,500 children attending private schools in Lakewood next year since there aren't any religious schools for them in Jackson."</ref> To address this last concern, the township entered into a preliminary settlement allowing ''eruvs'' in some parts of township and proposed a township-wide solution that was ultimately deemed impractical.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackson proposes town-wide eruv but nobody — not even Orthodox Jews — wants it|url=https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2019/10/31/jackson-proposes-giant-eruv-but-nobody-not-even-orthodox-jews-wants/4095985002/|website=Asbury Park Press|language=en|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=June 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607143645/https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2019/10/31/jackson-proposes-giant-eruv-but-nobody-not-even-orthodox-jews-wants/4095985002/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition, the [[United States Department of Justice]] and the [[New Jersey Attorney General]] have opened investigations into whether the township practiced anti-Semitic discrimination, filing multiple [[subpoena]]s against township officials.<ref>Bogues, Austin. [https://www.app.com/story/news/crime/jersey-mayhem/2017/12/14/justice-department-jackson-discrimination-orthodox-jewish/951696001/ "Jackson: Justice Department, NJ probe anti-Semitic discrimination claims"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607143646/https://www.app.com/story/news/crime/jersey-mayhem/2017/12/14/justice-department-jackson-discrimination-orthodox-jewish/951696001/ |date=June 7, 2024 }}, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', December 14, 2017. Accessed April 18, 2020. "Jackson - The U.S. Justice Department and the New Jersey State Attorney General's Office are investigating whether the township has discriminated against Orthodox Jews in land-use issues, according to Township Attorney Joan Cipriani."</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2018/01/08/jackson-eruv-dormitory-ban-ordinance-investigation/997101001/|title=Jackson eruv, dorm anti-Semitism investigation looks at residents' emails|website=Asbury Park Press|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20|archive-date=June 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607143555/https://www.app.com/story/news/local/communitychange/2018/01/08/jackson-eruv-dormitory-ban-ordinance-investigation/997101001/|url-status=live}}</ref> These investigations culminated in May 2020 with a federal lawsuit brought by the Department of Justice against the township, alleging violations of the [[Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act]] and the [[Fair Housing Act]] related to the township's new land use laws.<ref>Atmonvage, Joe. [https://www.nj.com/news/2020/05/fed-sue-nj-town-for-allegedly-passing-restrictions-aimed-at-orthodox-jewish-community.html "Feds sue N.J. town for allegedly passing restrictions aimed at Orthodox Jewish community"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607143649/https://www.nj.com/news/2020/05/fed-sue-nj-town-for-allegedly-passing-restrictions-aimed-at-orthodox-jewish-community.html |date=June 7, 2024 }}, NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], May 20, 2020. Accessed May 22, 2020. "The Department of Justice filed a lawsuit Wednesday against Jackson Township and its planning board, alleging the town enacted zoning ordinances that discriminated against the Orthodox Jewish community by preventing them from opening religious boarding schools in the town. The two ordinances were passed by the township’s council in 2017 and both 'expressly prohibit dormitories throughout Jackson, making it impossible for religious boarding schools to establish in the Township,' according to the complaint."</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Department Files Lawsuit Against Township of Jackson, New Jersey, and the Township's Planning Board for Zoning Restrictions that Target the Orthodox Jewish Community|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-against-township-jackson-new-jersey-and-townships-planning|date=2020-05-19|website=www.justice.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25|archive-date=February 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226235722/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-against-township-jackson-new-jersey-and-townships-planning|url-status=live}}</ref>