Editing Iveco (section)

==Emissions and alternative fuels==

===Euro VI engines with SCR technology===
Iveco engines from the Cursor and Tector ranges observe the Euro VI standards<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=76|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}} by adopting High Efficiency [[Selective catalytic reduction|SCR]] (HI-eSCR) technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=28|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}} This technology optimises the processes of exhaust combustion and after-treatment, reducing consumption and enabling achievement of greater efficiency in the conversion of NOx emissions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=75|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}}

===Electric drive===
Iveco developed and built the first [[Iveco Daily|Daily]] with [[electric propulsion]] in 1986;<ref>Raffaele Sanguineti, Carlo Felice Zampini Salazar: IVECO Story. The world of Transport, 1994 Norden Publishing House Ltd. – p. 330</ref> Later, the range was broadened to include trucks and city buses.<ref>International Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, 2004 OECD Publishing – p. 143</ref> Iveco introduced the New Daily with electric propulsion and zero exhaust emissions, in which a battery system powers an electric three-phase asynchronous motor – through the aid of an inverter – in charge of moving the vehicle directly while recovering energy during braking.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=81|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}} The vehicle runs on two to four batteries made with Na/NiCl2 ([[Molten salt battery|sodium-nickel chlorine]]) technology at a nominal 278&nbsp;[[Volts]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The maximum velocity is electronically limited to 70{{nnbsp}}km/h, while the vehicle's range is from 90 to 130{{nnbsp}}km on a fully charged battery, depending on the number of batteries and the mission.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

===Diesel-electric parallel hybrid traction===
The parallel hybrid solution incorporates both a [[diesel engine]] and an [[electric motor]] that can be used individually or simultaneously, which makes for greater operating flexibility and allows the vehicle to work under both urban and non-urban conditions.<ref>{{cite web|website=Fiat Industrial Official website|url=http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/innovation/iveco/Pages/technology_highlights.aspx|title=Technology Highlights|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902140925/http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/innovation/iveco/Pages/technology_highlights.aspx|archive-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref> In 2010 Iveco introduced this technology on the Eurocargo Ibrido, a commercial vehicle for the European market with electri-diesel parallel propulsion for distributing and collecting goods in city centres. The payload capacity decreases by 200{{nnbsp}}kg in comparison to diesel-engine models, but it is possible to save up to 30% on the urban cycle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=82|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}}<ref name= DieselIveco>{{cite web|website=Iveco Official website|url=http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/kit/Pages/E3-Diesel%E2%80%93ElectricParallelHybridTraction.aspx|title=Diesel – Electric Parallel Hybrid Traction|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701223103/http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/kit/Pages/E3-Diesel%E2%80%93ElectricParallelHybridTraction.aspx|archive-date=July 1, 2012}}</ref> The Eurocargo hybrid range is made up of two versions:
* The 7.5-ton version uses a Tector Diesel FPT Industrial engine with 16 valves and 4 Euro V cylinders, with a maximum power of 160{{nnbsp}}hp (118&nbsp;kW); this is paired with a drive system made of an electric motor-generator with 60{{nnbsp}}hp (44{{nnbsp}}kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium-ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8{{nnbsp}}kWh.<ref name= DieselIveco />
* The 12-ton version uses the FPT Industrial Tector engine with 16 valves and 4 EEV cylinders with a maximum power of 180{{nnbsp}}hp (132{{nnbsp}}kW), paired with an electric motor-generator with 60{{nnbsp}}hp (44{{nnbsp}}kW), a 6-speed automated gearbox and a lithium-ion battery pack (Li-Ion) of rated capacity 1.8{{nnbsp}}kWh.<ref name= DieselIveco />

===Diesel-electric hybrid===
Iveco has been active in this sector since 1990 with 6, 7, 4 and 12 metre buses for urban and suburban transportation. The series hybrid technology features a diesel engine – smaller than that of a traditional vehicle – that acts as a battery charger.<ref>[[#SZS|Sanguineti & Zampini Salazar]], pp. 216-217</ref>

===CNG – compressed natural gas===
Iveco's range of light, medium and heavy vehicles and buses can run on methane. [[Methane]] makes it possible to save on consumption by 38% per kg transported as compared to that consumed by diesel engines for the same payload and distance travelled. In addition, compared to Euro{{nnbsp}}VI diesel engines, methane engines reduce [[NOx|NOx emissions]] by approximately 60% and particulate emissions by approximately 70%.<ref>Oecd: Can Cars come clean? Strategies for low emission vehicles?, 2004 OECD Publishing – p. 166</ref>

===Liquefied natural gas===
In April 2012 Iveco presented its first vehicle with this technology, the Stralis LNG. As opposed to vehicles with [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG) technology, [[liquefied natural gas]] (LNG) technology takes the vehicle farther on a full tank (up to 750{{nnbsp}}km) and reduces the vehicle's tare thus increasing the load. The main difference between the two technologies lies in the type of natural gas storage employed, which in this case is kept in a liquid state at −161{{nnbsp}}°C in [[cryogenic]] tanks; it is then heated in a heat exchanger so that once it reaches the engine it is a gas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Annual Report|url=http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/investor_relations/financial_reports/bilanci/FiatDocuments/FI_Relazione_finanziaria_annuale_2011_FINALE_NIS_ENG.pdf|page=51|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref> Also, the noise emitted decreases by 3 to 6 [[decibel]]s over an analogous diesel engine vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Iveco Official website|title=Iveco Press Room|url=http://web.iveco.com/en-us/press-room/release/Pages/RAITRakkerLNG.aspx}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Iveco Trakker Bifuel – diesel-ethanol prototype===
Iveco created the first [[prototype]] of a [[bifuel]], diesel and [[ethanol]]-run vehicle. The technology was developed by Iveco together with [[FPT Industrial]] and [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]].<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|title=Fiat Industrial 2011 Sustainability Report|url= http://www.fiatindustrial.com/en-US/sustainability/Documents/files/fi_eng_sostenibilita_sfogliabile_ott.pdf|page=80|publisher=Fiat Industrial}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=Redirect to homepage|date=August 2016}} The prototype uses a Trakker truck with Common Rail Cursor{{nnbsp}}9 engine with 360{{nnbsp}}HP<ref name="ReferenceC"/> that may be powered by a 40–60% ethanol-diesel blend.<ref name="biofuelsdigest.com">{{cite web|title=40% ethanol, 60% diesel buses offer 6% fuel savings, says Iveco|url=http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2011/05/18/40-ethanol-60-diesel-buses-offer-6-fuel-savings-says-iveco/|date=May 18, 2011|website=Biofuel Digest}}</ref> The prototype was tested by Raízen, a joint venture between the cane sugar producer Cosan and Shell.<ref name="biofuelsdigest.com"/> In 2011, this prototype earned Iveco the "Prêmio Top Etanol" – for the alternative fuel technology.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

===Heating and air-conditioning systems===
A prototype of a [[heat pump]] system for electric and hybrid vehicles was installed on the Iveco Daily vehicle. The system cools or heats the passenger compartment by transferring low-temperature heat generated by the drive systems. At the same time, the control strategies minimise the energy demand in order to achieve a low impact on consumption.<ref>{{cite web|title=Innovative Air-Conditioning Systems For Conventional and Electric Vehicles|url=http://www.ice-project.webs.upv.es/images/public/Paper_IIE-UPV_EAEC_2011.pdf|website=Ice Projects|access-date=November 2, 2012|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060930/http://www.ice-project.webs.upv.es/images/public/Paper_IIE-UPV_EAEC_2011.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>