Editing Inverness (section)

=== Medieval ===
The first royal charter was granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ([[David I of Scotland|King David I]]) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king Mac Bethad Mac Findláich ([[Macbeth of Scotland|MacBeth]]) whose 11th-century killing of [[Duncan I of Scotland|King Duncan]] was immortalised in [[Shakespeare]]'s largely fictionalised play ''[[Macbeth]]'', held a castle within the city where he ruled as [[Mormaer of Moray|Mormaer of Moray and Ross]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Destinations :: City Guides :: Inverness|url=http://www.loganair.co.uk/destinations/city-guides/inverness|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716011955/http://www.loganair.co.uk/destinations/city-guides/inverness|archive-date=16 July 2012|access-date=30 October 2012|publisher=Loganair}}</ref>

[[Inverness Castle]] is said to have been built by [[Máel Coluim III of Scotland|Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) of Scotland]], after he had razed to the ground the castle in which Mac Bethad mac Findláich had, according to much later tradition, murdered Máel Coluim's father [[Donnchad I of Scotland|Donnchad (Duncan I)]], and which stood on a hill around 1&nbsp;km to the north-east.<ref name="EB1911"/>

The strategic location of Inverness has led to many conflicts in the area. Reputedly there was a battle in the early 11th century between Malcolm III and [[Thorfinn the Mighty]] at Blar Nam Feinne, to the southwest of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|website=CANMORE|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12728/|title=Blar Nam Feinne|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|access-date=17 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712085122/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12728/|archive-date=12 July 2012|url-status=live}}. Blar Nam Feinne is on Cnoc na Moine ({{gbmapping|NH595433}}).</ref>

Inverness had four traditional fairs, including Legavrik or "Leth-Gheamhradh", meaning midwinter, and Faoilleach. [[William I of Scotland|William the Lion]] (d. 1214) granted Inverness four charters, by one of which it was created a [[royal burgh]]. Of the Dominican friary founded by [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] in 1233, only one pillar and a worn knight's effigy survive in a secluded graveyard near the town centre.<ref name="EB1911"/>

[[File:Inverness from A Tour in Scotland.jpg|thumb|Engraving of Inverness from ''A Tour in Scotland'' by [[Thomas Pennant]], 1771.]]

Medieval Inverness suffered regular raids from the Hebrides, particularly by the MacDonald [[Lords of the Isles]] in the 15th century. In 1187, one Dòmhnall Bàn (Donald Ban) led islanders in a battle at Torvean against men from Inverness Castle led by the governor's son, Donnchadh Mac an Tòisich (Duncan Mackintosh).<ref>{{Cite web|website=CANMORE|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13540/|title=Torvaine, Torbane|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|access-date=17 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715070241/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13540/|archive-date=15 July 2012|url-status=live}}. RCAHMS locate the battle of Torvean at {{gbmapping|NH65414346}}</ref> Both leaders were killed in the battle, and Dòmhnall Bàn is said to have been buried in a large [[cairn]] near the river, close to where the silver chain was found.<ref>{{Cite web|website=CANMORE|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13538/|title=Torvaine|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|access-date=17 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707110031/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13538/|archive-date=7 July 2012|url-status=live}}. The cairn at {{gbmapping|NH65424346}} disappeared in the 19th or 20th centuries, it has also been claimed to mark the resting place of St Bean(''Beóán'') the [[Culdee]].</ref> Local tradition says that the citizens fought off the [[Clan Donald]] in 1340 at the Battle of Blairnacoi on Drumderfit Hill, north of Inverness across the [[Beauly Firth]].<ref name="RCAHMS">{{Cite web|website=CANMORE|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13574/|title=Battle of Blairnacoi, Drumderfit Hill|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|access-date=18 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224014537/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13574/|archive-date=24 December 2012|url-status=live}} {{gbmapping|NH656521}}</ref> In the late 14th-early 15 century, Inverness was a symbol of the Duke of Albany's power. On his way to the [[Battle of Harlaw]] in 1411, [[Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles|Donald of Islay]] took the town and burned the bridge over the River Ness. Sixteen years later, [[James I of Scotland|James I]] held a parliament in the castle to which the northern chieftains were summoned, of whom three were arrested for defying the king's command. [[Clan Munro]] defeated [[Clan Mackintosh]] in 1454 at the [[Battle of Clachnaharry]] just west of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|website=CANMORE|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13458/|title=Site Record for Clachnaharry, Clan Battle Monument, Clachnaharry Memorial|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|access-date=17 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707035804/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13458/|archive-date=7 July 2012|url-status=live}}. Battle of Clachnaharry took place at {{gbmapping|NH6454946448}}.</ref> [[Clan Donald]] and their allies stormed the castle during the [[Raid on Ross]] in 1491.