Editing Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (section)

==History==

The first child born from a gamete micromanipulation (technique in which special tools and inverted microscopes are used that help embryologists to choose and pick an individual sperm for ICSI IVF) was a Singapore-born child in April 1989.<ref>{{cite book|title=Third Party Assisted Conception Across Cultures: Social, Legal and Ethical Perspectives| vauthors = Blyth E, Landau R |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|year= 2004|isbn=9781843100843|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtMPBQAAQBAJ&q=SUZI+ng+%22april+1989%22&pg=PA193}}</ref>

The technique was developed by [[Gianpiero D. Palermo|Gianpiero Palermo]] at the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]], in the Center for Reproductive Medicine headed by [[Paul Devroey]] and [[Andre Van Steirteghem]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Palermo G, Joris H, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem AC | title = Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte | journal = Lancet | volume = 340 | issue = 8810 | pages = 17–18 | date = July 1992 | pmid = 1351601 | doi = 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92425-F | s2cid = 2916063 }}</ref> 
Actually, the discovery was made by a mistake.

The procedure itself was first performed in 1987,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lanzendorf SE, Maloney MK, Veeck LL, Slusser J, Hodgen GD, Rosenwaks Z | title = A preclinical evaluation of pronuclear formation by microinjection of human spermatozoa into human oocytes | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 49 | issue = 5 | pages = 835–842 | date = May 1988 | pmid = 3360172 | doi = 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)59893-8 | doi-access = free }}</ref> though it only went to the pronuclear stage.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Abdelmassih S, Cardoso J, Abdelmassih V, Dias JA, Abdelmassih R, Nagy ZP | title = Laser-assisted ICSI: a novel approach to obtain higher oocyte survival and embryo quality rates | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 2694–2699 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12351550 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/17.10.2694 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The first activated embryo by ICSI was produced in 1990,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ8nCGCJ2WQC&q=icsi+palermo+%22october+1990%22&pg=PA16|title=Baby-Making: What the New Reproductive Treatments Mean for Families and Society| vauthors = Fauser B, Devroey P |date=27 October 2011|publisher=OUP |via=Google Books|isbn=9780199597314}}</ref> but the first successful birth by ICSI took place on January 14, 1992, after an April 1991<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Van Steirteghem A | title = Celebrating ICSI's twentieth anniversary and the birth of more than 2.5 million children--the 'how, why, when and where' | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–2 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22180598 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/der447 | doi-access =  }}</ref> conception.<ref>{{cite book| veditors = Jauniaux ER, Rizk BR |title= Pregnancy After Assisted Reproductive Technology|isbn=9781107006478|contribution=Introduction|url=http://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/06478/excerpt/9781107006478_excerpt.pdf|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date= 2012-09-06}}</ref>

Sharpe ''et al'' comment on the success of ICSI since 1992 saying, "[t]hus, the woman carries the treatment burden for male infertility, a fairly unique scenario in medical practice. ICSI's success has effectively diverted attention from identifying what causes male infertility and focused research onto the female, to optimize the provision of eggs and a receptive endometrium, on which ICSI's success depends."<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barratt CL, De Jonge CJ, Sharpe RM | title = 'Man Up': the importance and strategy for placing male reproductive health centre stage in the political and research agenda | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 541–545 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29425298 | pmc = 5989613 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/dey020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Knapton S | title = IVF to fix male infertility 'infringes human rights of women' argue scientists | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/03/06/ivf-fix-male-infertility-infringes-human-rights-women-argue/ | work = [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | date = 6 March 2018 | access-date = 7 March 2018}}</ref>