Editing Internetworking (section)

==Networking models==
Two architectural models are commonly used to describe the protocols and methods used in internetworking. The [[Open System Interconnection]] (OSI) reference model was developed under the auspices of the [[International Organization for Standardization ]] (ISO) and provides a rigorous description for layering protocol functions from the underlying hardware to the software interface concepts in user applications. Internetworking is implemented in the [[Network Layer]] (Layer 3) of the model.

The [[Internet Protocol Suite]], also known as the TCP/IP model, was not designed to conform to the OSI model and does not refer to it in any of the normative specifications in [[Request for Comments]] and [[Internet standard]]s. Despite similar appearance as a layered model, it has a much less rigorous, loosely defined architecture that concerns itself only with the aspects of the style of networking in its own historical provenance. It assumes the availability of any suitable hardware infrastructure, without discussing hardware-specific low-level interfaces, and that a host has access to this local network to which it is connected via a link layer interface.

For a period in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the network engineering community was polarized over the implementation of competing protocol suites, commonly known as the [[Protocol Wars]]. It was unclear which of the OSI model and the Internet protocol suite would result in the best and most robust computer networks.<ref name="ieee201703">{{cite magazine|author=Andrew L. Russell|date=30 July 2013|title=OSI: The Internet That Wasn't|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/osi-the-internet-that-wasnt|magazine=[[IEEE Spectrum]]|volume=50|issue=8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rough Consensus and Running Code' and the Internet-OSI Standards War|url=https://www2.cs.duke.edu/courses/common/compsci092/papers/govern/consensus.pdf|last=Russell|first=Andrew L.|publisher=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Howard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DN-t8MpZ0-wC&q=%22protocol+wars%22&pg=PA106|title=A History of International Research Networking: The People who Made it Happen|last2=Bressan|first2=Beatrice|date=2010-04-26|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-32710-2|language=en}}</ref>