Editing Intercontinental ballistic missile (section)

=== Post–Cold War ===
[[File:Icbm-hist-en.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Deployment history of land-based ICBM, 1959–2014]]
In 1991, the United States and the [[Soviet Union]] agreed in the [[START I]] treaty to reduce their deployed ICBMs and attributed warheads.

{{As of|2016}}, all five of the nations with permanent seats on the [[United Nations Security Council]] have fully operational long-range ballistic missile systems; Russia, the United States, and China also have land-based ICBMs (the US missiles are silo-based, while China and Russia have both silo and road-mobile ([[DF-31]], [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M]] missiles).

Israel is believed to have deployed a road mobile nuclear ICBM, the [[Jericho (missile)#Jericho III|Jericho III]], which entered service in 2008; an upgraded version is in development.<ref name=CRS-RL30427>{{cite report |url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30427.pdf |title=Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Foreign Countries|first=Andrew |last=Feickert |work=[[Congressional Research Service]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |date=5 March 2004 |id=RL30427 |access-date=2010-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301060149/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30427.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="pfeffer1">{{cite news |last=Pfeffer |first=Anshel |title=IDF test-fires ballistic missile in central Israel |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-test-fires-ballistic-missile-in-central-israel-1.393306 |date=2 November 2011 |work=[[Haaretz]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103045910/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-test-fires-ballistic-missile-in-central-israel-1.393306 |archive-date=3 November 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[India]] successfully test fired [[Agni-V|Agni V]], with a strike range of more than {{convert|5000|km|abbr=on}} on 19 April 2012, claiming entry into the ICBM club.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3330921.ece |title=Agni-V successfully test-fired |first1=Y |last1=Mallikarjun |first2=TS |last2=Subramanian |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424030303/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3330921.ece |archive-date=24 April 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The missile's actual range is speculated by foreign researchers to be up to {{convert|8000|km|abbr=on}} with India having downplayed its capabilities to avoid causing concern to other countries.<ref>{{cite news|title=India downplayed Agni-V's capacity: Chinese experts |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-downplayed-agni-v-s-capacity-chinese-experts/article1-843359.aspx |location=Beijing, China |newspaper=Hindustan Times|agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=13 July 2014  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607123640/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-downplayed-agni-v-s-capacity-chinese-experts/article1-843359.aspx |archive-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> On 15 December 2022, first night trial of Agni-V was successfully carried out by SFC from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. The missile is now 20 percent lighter because the use of composite materials rather than steel material. The range has been increased to 7,000&nbsp;km.<ref name="aninews.in">{{Cite web|date=17 December 2022 |title=If India wants, Agni missiles can now strike targets beyond 7,000 kms|url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/if-india-wants-agni-missiles-can-now-strike-targets-beyond-7000-kms20221217161534/|website=ANI News}}</ref>

By 2012 there was speculation by some [[intelligence agency|intelligence agencies]] that [[North Korea]] is developing an ICBM.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/missile/td-2.htm |title=North Korea's Taepodong and Unha Missiles |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |work=Programs |access-date=2012-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126101747/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/missile/td-2.htm |archive-date=26 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> North Korea successfully put a [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2|satellite]] into space on 12 December 2012 using the {{convert|32|m|ft| adj =mid|-tall}} [[Unha-3]] rocket. The United States claimed that the launch was in fact a way to test an ICBM.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna50167891 |title = North Korea says it successfully launched satellite into orbit |work = [[NBC News]] |date = 12 December 2012 |access-date = 2013-04-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130414182253/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/50167891/ns/technology_and_science-space/ |archive-date = 14 April 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref> (See [[Timeline of first orbital launches by country]].) In early July 2017, North Korea claimed for the first time to have tested successfully an ICBM capable of carrying a large thermonuclear warhead.

In July 2014, China announced the development of its newest generation of ICBM, the Dongfeng-41 ([[DF-41]]), which has a range of {{convert|12,000|km|mi|abbr=off}}, capable of reaching the United States, and which analysts believe is capable of being outfitted with [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11005061/China-confirms-new-generation-long-range-missiles.html|title=China 'confirms new generation long range missiles'|date=1 August 2014|work=The Telegraph|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319160902/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11005061/China-confirms-new-generation-long-range-missiles.html|archive-date=19 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most countries in the early stages of developing ICBMs have used liquid propellants, with the known exceptions being the [[India]]n [[Agni-V]], the planned but cancelled<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/southafrica.html |title=South Africa |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date=2016-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010737/http://www.astronautix.com/s/southafrica.html |archive-date=20 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> South African RSA-4 ICBM, and the now in service Israeli [[Jericho missile#Jericho III|Jericho III]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | publisher = Astronautix | url = http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm | title = Jericho | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Astronautica | access-date = 2012-12-14  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121022200536/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/jericho.htm | archive-date = 22 October 2012}}</ref>

The [[RS-28 Sarmat]]<ref name=RS28>[http://www.rg.ru/2015/02/02/raketa-site-anons.html Новую тяжелую ракету "Сармат" будут делать в Красноярске] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906185817/https://rg.ru/2015/02/02/raketa-site-anons.html |date=6 September 2017 }} ''[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]'', 2 February 2015.</ref> (Russian: РС-28 Сармат; [[NATO reporting name]]: SATAN 2), is a Russian [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-fueled]], [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]]-equipped, [[Heavy ICBM|super-heavy]] [[Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear]] armed intercontinental ballistic missile in development by the [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau]]<ref name="RS28" /> from 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-435.html|title=РС-28 / ОКР Сармат, ракета 15А28 – SS-X-30 (проект) – MilitaryRussia.Ru – отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.)|website=militaryrussia.ru|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915095810/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-435.html|archive-date=15 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> intended to replace the previous [[R-36 (missile)|R-36 missile]]. Its large payload would allow for up to 10 heavy [[warhead]]s or 15 lighter ones or up to 24 hypersonic glide vehicles [[Yu-74]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/680167/Russia-tests-Yu74-hypersonic-nuclear-glider-capable-carrying-24-atomic-warheads|title=Russia testing hypersonic nuclear glider that holds 24 warheads and travels at 7,000mph|first=Tom|last=Batchelor|date=15 June 2016|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330214447/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/680167/Russia-tests-Yu74-hypersonic-nuclear-glider-capable-carrying-24-atomic-warheads|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of [[countermeasure]]s designed to defeat [[missile defense|anti-missile systems]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-missiles-idUSBRE9BG0SH20131217|title=Russia plans new ICBM to replace Cold War 'Satan' missile|work=Reuters|date=17 December 2013|access-date=17 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118070339/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/17/us-russia-missiles-idUSBRE9BG0SH20131217|archive-date=18 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> it was announced by the Russian military as a response to the US [[Prompt Global Strike]].<ref name=invuln>{{cite web|url=http://newsru.com/arch/russia/31may2014/sarmat.html|title=Минобороны рассказало о тяжелой баллистической ракете – неуязвимом для ПРО ответе США|date=31 May 2014 |access-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915003631/http://www.newsru.com/arch/russia/31may2014/sarmat.html|archive-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2023, North Korea fired a suspected intercontinental ballistic missile that landed short of Japanese waters. The launch follows North Korea's threat to retaliate against the US for alleged spy plane incursions.<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea fires intercontinental ballistic missile after threatening US |work=BBC News |date=12 July 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66172284 |access-date=12 July 2023 }}</ref>