Editing Ice skating (section)

===Emergence as a sport===
[[File:Fenskaters ronden ton.jpg|thumb|19th-century [[fen skating]]|200x200px]]
Skating became popular as a recreation, a means of transport and spectator sport in [[fen skating|The Fens]] in England for people from all walks of life. Racing was the preserve of workers, most of them agricultural labourers. It is not known when the first skating matches were held, but by the early nineteenth century racing was well established and the results of matches were reported in the press.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |title=Handbook of Fen Skating |year=1882 |last1=Goodman |first1=Neville |last2=Goodman |first2=Albert |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookfenskat00goodgoog |ol=25422698M |location=London |access-date=15 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610205539/https://archive.org/details/handbookfenskat00goodgoog |archive-date=10 June 2015}}</ref> Skating as a sport developed on the lakes of Scotland and the canals of the [[Netherlands]]. In the 13th and 14th centuries wood was substituted for bone in skate blades, and in 1572 the first iron skates were manufactured.<ref name="Ice Skating">{{cite web |last=Greiff |first=James |title=History of Ice Skating |url=https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/ice-skating/ |publisher=[[Scholastic Corporation]] |access-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172243/https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/ice-skating/ |archive-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> When the waters froze, skating matches were held in towns and villages all over the Fens. In these local matches men (or sometimes women or children) would compete for prizes of money, clothing, or food.<ref name="Cycling, 19 January 1895, p 19">''Cycling'', 19 January 1895, p 19.</ref>

The winners of local matches were invited to take part in the grand or championship matches, in which skaters from across the Fens would compete for cash prizes in front of crowds of thousands. The championship matches took the form of a Welsh main or "last man standing" contest ([[single-elimination tournament]]). The competitors, 16 or sometimes 32, were paired off in heats and the winner of each heat went through to the next round. A course of 660 yards was measured out on the ice, and a barrel with a flag on it placed at either end. For a one-and-a-half-mile race the skaters completed two rounds of the course, with three barrel turns.<ref name="Cycling, 19 January 1895, p 19"/>

[[File:Fen Runners.jpg|thumb|left|Fen runners|200x200px]]
In the Fens, skates were called [[patten (shoe)#Other uses of the term|pattens]], fen runners, or [[Whittlesey]] runners. The footstock was made of [[Beech tree|beechwood]]. A screw at the back was screwed into the heel of the boot, and three small spikes at the front kept the skate steady. There were holes in the footstock for leather straps to fasten it to the foot. The metal blades were slightly higher at the back than the front. In the 1890s, fen skaters started to race in Norwegian style skates.

On Saturday 1 February 1879, a number of professional ice skaters from [[Cambridgeshire]] and [[Huntingdonshire]] met in the Guildhall, Cambridge, to set up the [[National Ice Skating Association|National Skating Association]], the first national ice skating body in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iceskating.org.uk/node/6297 |title=The History of Long Track Speed Skating |publisher=[[British Ice Skating|NISA]] |date=18 July 2014 |url-status=dead<!--deleted, not moved--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028175114/https://www.iceskating.org.uk/node/6297 |archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> The founding committee consisted of several landowners, a vicar, a fellow of [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]], a magistrate, two members of parliament, the mayor of [[Cambridge]], the Lord Lieutenant of Cambridge, journalist James Drake Digby, the president of [[Cambridge University]] Skating Club, and Neville Goodman, a graduate of [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]] (and son of [[Potto Brown]]'s milling partner, Joseph Goodman).<ref name="Bird">DL Bird 1979 ''Our Skating Heritage''. London.</ref> The newly formed Association held their first one-and-a-half-mile British professional championship at Thorney in December 1879.