Editing Iannis Xenakis (section)

=== Later life ===
After leaving Le Corbusier's studio in 1959, Xenakis supported himself by composition and teaching, and quickly became recognized as one of the most important European composers of his time. In 1965, he became a French citizen. He became especially known for his musical research in the field of computer-assisted composition, for which he founded the Equipe de Mathématique et Automatique Musicales (EMAMu) in 1966 (known as CEMAMu: Centre d’Etudes de Mathématique et Automatique Musicales, since 1972). He taught at [[Indiana University School of Music]] from 1967 until 1972 (and established a studio similar to EMAMu there), and worked as visiting professor at the [[University of Paris (post-1970)|Sorbonne]] from 1973 until 1989.<ref name="grove" />

Xenakis frequently lectured (for instance, from 1975 to 1978 he was Professor of Music at [[Gresham College]], London, giving free public lectures),<ref>Cole, Jonathan 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150118235935/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/music-and-architecture-confronting-the-boundaries-between-space-and-sound "Music and Architecture: Confronting the Boundaries between Space and Sound"], Gresham College (21 September, archive from 18 January 2015, accessed 29 April 2016)</ref> and teaching composition. His works were performed at numerous festivals worldwide, including the [[Shiraz Arts Festival]] in Iran. His notable students include [[Pascal Dusapin]], [[Henning Lohner]], [[Miguel Ángel Coria]], [[Susan Frykberg]], [[Norma Tyer]], [[Robert Carl]], and [[Julio Estrada (musicologist)|Julio Estrada]]. In 1983, he was elected as a member of the [[Académie Française]].
[[File:Iannis Xenakis 1975.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Xenakis (1975)]]
In addition to composing and teaching, Xenakis also wrote a number of articles and essays on music. Of these, ''[[Formalized Music]]'' (1963) became particularly known and was later expanded into a full book. A collection of texts on applications of [[stochastic process]]es, game theory and computer programming in music, it was later revised, expanded and translated into English as ''Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition'' (1971) during Xenakis's tenure at Indiana University.

Xenakis was an [[Atheism|atheist]]. Polish musicologist Zbigniew Skowron, describing ''[[Aïs (Xenakis)|Aïs]]'', wrote "In accordance with his atheist views, Xenakis emphasizes the finality of death as the ultimate event of human life, and this is probably why wild shrieks and moans punctuate his score".<ref>Skowron, Zbigniew (ed.). (2001). ''Lutosławski Studies''. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-816660-3}}. pages 122–123.</ref> Xenakis himself wrote, "Man is one, indivisible, and total. He thinks with his belly and feels with his mind. I would like to propose what, to my mind, covers the term "music":&nbsp;... 7. It is a mystical (but atheistic) asceticism&nbsp;...".<ref>Xenakis, Iannis. (1992). ''Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition'', second edition. Harmonologia Series, no. 6. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press. {{ISBN|978-1-57647-079-4}}. page 181.</ref>

Xenakis completed his last work, ''O-mega'' for percussion soloist and chamber orchestra, in 1997. His health had been getting progressively worse over the years, and by 1997 he was no longer able to work. In 1999, Xenakis was awarded the [[Polar Music Prize]] "for a long succession of forceful works, charged with sensitivity, commitment and passion, through which he has come to rank among the most central composers of our century in the realm of art music, exercising within its various fields an influence which cannot be readily overstated".<ref>"[http://www.polarmusicprize.org/iannis-xenakis/ Iannis Xenakis, Laureate of the Polar Music Prize 1999]". Polar Music Prize website (accessed 29 April 2016) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308042009/http://www.polarmusicprize.org/iannis-xenakis/ |date=8 March 2012}}</ref>

After several years of serious illness, on 1 February 2001 the composer lapsed into a coma. He died in his Paris home four days later, on 4 February, aged 78; and was shortly after cremated, with his ashes being given to his family. He was outlived by his wife, who died on 12 February 2018 in [[Courbevoie]], and his daughter.<ref>[[Paul Griffiths (writer)|Griffiths, Paul]]. (5 February 2001). [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/arts/iannis-xenakis-composer-who-built-music-on-mathematics-is-dead-at-78.html Iannis Xenakis, Composer Who Built Music on Mathematics, Is Dead at 78"], ''The New York Times'', page B7</ref>