Editing Hypoxia (medicine) (section)

====Generalized hypoxia====
The term ''[[generalized hypoxia]]'' may refer to hypoxia affecting the whole body,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Della Rocca |first1=Ylenia |last2=Fonticoli |first2=Luigia |last3=Rajan |first3=Thangavelu Soundara |last4=Trubiani |first4=Oriana |last5=Caputi |first5=Sergio |last6=Diomede |first6=Francesca |last7=Pizzicannella |first7=Jacopo |last8=Marconi |first8=Guya Diletta |date=2022 |title=Hypoxia: molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in human diseases |journal=Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=739–752 |doi=10.1007/s13105-022-00912-6 |issn=1138-7548 |pmc=9684243 |pmid=35870078}}</ref> or may be used as a synonym for [[hypoxic hypoxia]], which occurs when there is insufficient oxygen in the breathing gas to oxygenate the blood to a level that will adequately support normal metabolic processes,<ref name="Bhutta et al 2022" /><ref name="Mandal" /><ref name="Manninen and Unger 2016" /> and which will inherently affect all perfused tissues.

The symptoms of generalized hypoxia depend on its severity and acceleration of onset.
In the case of [[altitude sickness]], where hypoxia develops gradually, the symptoms include [[Fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[Hypoesthesia|numbness]] / tingling of [[Limb (anatomy)|extremities]], [[nausea]], and [[cerebral hypoxia]].<ref name="Oxford University Press" /><ref name="Zhou 2011" /> These symptoms are often difficult to identify, but early detection of symptoms can be critical.<ref name="pia" />

In severe hypoxia, or hypoxia of very rapid onset, [[ataxia]], confusion, disorientation, [[hallucination]]s, behavioral change, severe [[headache]]s, reduced level of consciousness, [[papilloedema]], [[tachypnea|breathlessness]],<ref name="Oxford University Press"/> [[pallor]],<ref name="Illingworth et al 2012" /> [[tachycardia]], and [[pulmonary hypertension]] eventually leading to the late signs [[cyanosis]], [[bradycardia|slow heart rate]], [[cor pulmonale]], and [[hypotension|low blood pressure]] followed by [[heart failure]] eventually leading to [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] and [[death]].<ref name="Hillman and Bishop 2004" /><ref name="Longmore et al 2006" />

Because [[hemoglobin]] is a darker red when it is not bound to oxygen ([[deoxyhemoglobin]]), as opposed to the rich red color that it has when bound to oxygen ([[oxyhemoglobin]]), when seen through the skin it has an increased tendency to reflect blue light back to the eye.<ref name="Ahrens and Rutherford Basham 1993" /> In cases where the oxygen is displaced by another molecule, such as carbon monoxide, the skin may appear 'cherry red' instead of cyanotic.<ref name="Ramratha and Moore 2004" /> Hypoxia can cause [[Preterm birth|premature birth]], and injure the liver, among other deleterious effects.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bin |last2=Zeng |first2=Hongtao |last3=Liu |first3=Jingliu |last4=Sun |first4=Miao |date=2021-10-25 |title=Effects of Prenatal Hypoxia on Nervous System Development and Related Diseases |journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience |volume=15 |doi=10.3389/fnins.2021.755554 |issn=1662-453X |pmc=8573102 |pmid=34759794 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Choudhary |first1=Mukesh |last2=Sharma |first2=Deepak |last3=Dabi |first3=Dhanraj |last4=Lamba |first4=Mamta |last5=Pandita |first5=Aakash |last6=Shastri |first6=Sweta |date=2015-01-12 |title=Hepatic Dysfunction in Asphyxiated Neonates: Prospective Case-Controlled Study |journal=Clinical Medicine Insights. Pediatrics |volume=9 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.4137/CMPed.S21426 |issn=1179-5565 |pmc=4294631 |pmid=25674030}}</ref>