Editing Hypereides (section)

== Surviving speeches ==
[[image:P.Lit.Lond. 134.jpg|thumb|The final two columns of P.Lit.Lond. 134, the 2nd-century BC papyrus that transmits the conclusion to ''Against Philippides'']]
Hypereides's speech in trial against [[Philippides of Paiania|Philippides]] lasted over thirty minutes. In the first speech against Philippides he attacked [[Philip II of Macedon|King Philip II of Macedon]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. In the second part of the [[papyrus]], he attacks Philippides and his associates and states: Each one of them was a traitor, one in [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], another in [[Tanagra, Greece|Tangara]], another in [[Eleutherae]], doing everything in the service of the [[Ancient Macedonians|Macedonians]]. He pleaded Philip's cause and campaigned with him against our country which is his most serious offense. Hypereides detested Philippides pro-Macedonian sympathies. Hypereides exposed Philippides who was known as saying in the Assembly: We must honor Alexander for all those that died at his hand.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Edward M.|title=Dinarchus, Hyperides, and Lycurgus|date=2001|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, Texas|isbn=0-292-79142-9}}</ref>  
Seventy-seven speeches have been attributed to Hypereides, of which twenty-five were regarded as spurious by his contemporaries. It is said that a manuscript of most of the speeches survived as late as the 15th century in the [[Bibliotheca Corviniana]], library of [[Matthias Corvinus]], king of [[Hungary]], but was later [[Book burning|destroyed]] after the capture of [[Buda]] by the Turks in the 16th century. Only a few fragments were known until relatively recent times. In 1847, large fragments of his speeches, ''Against Demosthenes'' and ''For Lycophron'' (incidentally interesting for clarifying the order of marriage processions and other details of Athenian life, and the Athenian government of [[Lemnos]]) and the whole of ''For Euxenippus'' (c. 330 BC, a ''[[locus classicus]]'' on εἰσαγγελίαι ''eisangeliai'' or state prosecutions), were found in a tomb at [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes in Egypt]].  In 1856 a considerable portion of a ''logos epitaphios'', a ''Funeral Oration'' over [[Leosthenes]] and his comrades who had fallen in the Lamian war was discovered.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Towards the end of the nineteenth century further discoveries were made including the conclusion of the speech ''Against Philippides'' (dealing with an indictment for the proposal of unconstitutional measure, arising out of the disputes of the Macedonian and anti-Macedonian parties at Athens), and of the whole  of ''Against Athenogenes'' (a perfumer accused of fraud in the sale of his business).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

=== New discoveries ===
In 2002 Natalie Tchernetska of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] discovered fragments of two speeches of Hypereides, which had been considered lost, in the ''[[Archimedes Palimpsest]].''  These were from two new speeches, the ''Against Timander'' and ''Against Diondas'', increasing the quantity of material known by this author by 20 percent.<ref name="Lee NYT" /> Tchernetska's discovery led to a publication on the subject in the ''[[Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Natalie |last=Tchernetska |year=2005 |title=New Fragments of Hypereides from the Archimedes Palimpsest |journal=ZPE |volume=154 |pages=1–6 |jstor=20190979 }}</ref> This prompted the establishment of a working group under the auspices of the [[British Academy]], which includes scholars from the UK, Hungary and the US.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=C. |last=Carey |title=Fragments of Hyperides' ''Against Diondas'' from the Archimedes Palimpsest |journal=ZPE |volume=165 |year=2008 |pages=1–19 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>

In 2006, the ''[[Archimedes Palimpsest]]'' project together with imagers at [[Stanford University]] used powerful X-ray fluorescence imaging to read the final pages of the ''Palimpsest,'' which contained the material by Hypereides.  These were interpreted, transcribed and translated by the working group.

In 2018 a passage of another speech of Hypereides (''Against the envoys of Antipater'') was discovered in a papyrus from [[Herculaneum]].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Kilian |last=Fleischer |year=2018 |title= Eine neue Hypereidesrede aus Herkulaneum: Gegen die Gesandten des Antipatros (PHerc. 1021, Kol. 11+12) |journal=ZPE |volume=207 |pages=21–38}}</ref>