Editing Hutterites (section)

=== Moravia and Hungary ===
In the 16th century, there was a considerable degree of [[religious tolerance]] in [[Moravia]] because in the 15th century there had been several [[proto-Protestantism|proto-Protestant movements]] and upheavals ([[History of the Moravian Church|Czech Brethren]], [[Utraquism|Utraquists]], [[Picards]], [[Minor Party (Unity of the Brethren)|Minor Unity]]) in [[Bohemia]] and Moravia due to the teachings of [[Jan Hus]] (c. 1369–1415).<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 12.</ref>

Therefore, Moravia, where Hubmaier had also found refuge,<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 13.</ref> was the land where the persecuted Anabaptist forerunners of the Hutterites fled to, originating mostly from different locations in what is today [[Southern Germany]], Austria and [[South Tyrol]].<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 8.</ref> Under the leadership of [[Jakob Hutter]] in the years 1530 to 1535, they developed the communal form of living that distinguishes them from other Anabaptists, such as the Mennonites and the Amish.<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, pp. 17–20.</ref> Hutterite communal living is based on the [[New Testament]] books of the [[Acts of the Apostles]] (chapters 2 (especially verse 44), 4, and 5) and [[2 Corinthians]].

A basic tenet of Hutterite groups has always been [[nonresistance]], i.e., forbidding its members from taking part in military activities, taking orders from military persons, wearing a formal uniform (such as a soldier's or a police officer's) or paying taxes to be spent on war. This has led to expulsion from or persecution in the several lands in which they have lived.

In Moravia, the Hutterites flourished for several decades; the period between 1554 and 1565 was called "good" and the period between 1565 and 1592 was called "golden". During that time the Hutterites expanded to [[Upper Hungary]], present-day Slovakia. In the time until 1622 some 100 settlements, called {{Lang|de|Bruderhof}}, developed in Moravia and Kingdom of Hungary, and the number of Hutterites reached twenty to thirty thousand.<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 31.</ref>

In 1593 the [[Long Turkish War]], which affected the Hutterites severely, broke out.<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 61.</ref> During this war, in 1605, some 240 Hutterites were abducted by the [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turkish army]] and their [[Nogais|Tatar]] allies and sold into [[Slavery in the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman slavery]].<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, p. 63.</ref><ref>Johannes Waldner: ''Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder'', Philadelphia, 1947, p. 203.</ref> It lasted until 1606; however, before the Hutterites could rebuild their resources, the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618–1648) broke out. It soon developed into a war about religion when in 1620 the mostly Protestant Bohemia and Moravia were invaded by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Ferdinand II]], a Catholic, who annihilated and plundered several Hutterite settlements. In 1621 the [[Bubonic plague]] followed the war and killed one third of the remaining Hutterites.<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, pp. 63-65.</ref>

Renewed persecution followed the Habsburg takeover of the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Czech lands]] in 1620 and in the end annihilated them there as an Anabaptist group. In 1622 the Hutterites were expelled from Moravia and fled to the Hutterite settlements in Hungary, where overcrowding caused severe hardship.<ref>John A. Hostetler: ''Hutterite Society'', Baltimore 1974, pp. 65-67.</ref> Some Moravian Hutterites converted to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and retained a separate ethnic identity as the Habans (German: {{Lang|de|Habaner}}) until the 19th century (by the end of [[World War II]], the Haban group had become essentially extinct).