Editing Homotherium (section)

=== Americas ===
In 1905, Merriam described a new species ''Machaerodus ischyrus''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Merriam |first1=J. C. |date=1905 |title=A new saber-tooth from California |journal=Univ. Calif. Publ. B Geol. |volume=4 |pages=171–175}}</ref> Subsequently, in 1918, Merriam reassigned it to a new genus ''Ischyrosmilus'' along with the new species ''Ischyrosmilus idahoensis''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Merriam |first1=J. C. |date=1918 |title=New mammalia from the Idaho formation |journal=Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol. |volume=10 |pages=523–530}}</ref> The genus ''Dinobastis'' was originally named by [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]] in 1893, with the type species ''Dinobastis serus''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cope |first=E.D. |title=A new Pleistocene sabre-tooth |journal= The American Naturalist |volume=27 |date=1893 |pages=896–897}}</ref> In 1965, the species ''Ischyrosmilus johnstoni'' was described. In the same paper, it was noted that a comparative study of both ''Ischyrosmilus'' and ''Homotherium'' might conclude them as synonyms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mawby |first1=John E. |date=1965 |title=Machairodonts from the Late Cenozoic of the Panhandle of Texas |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=573–587 |doi=10.2307/1377928 |jstor=1377928}}</ref>
[[File:Homotherium venezuelensis9.JPG|thumb|Skeleton of the South American species ''"Homotherium" venezuelensis,'' which recent authors have suggested may be better placed in ''[[Xenosmilus]]'']]
In 1966, Churcher deemed ''Dinobastis'' as a junior synonym of ''Homotherium'', and recombined ''D. serus'' as ''Homotherium serum.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Churcher |first=C. S. |date=1966 |title=The affinities of Dinobastis serus Cope 1893 |journal=Quaternaria |issue=8 |pages=263–275}}</ref> In 1970, a new species ''Ischyrosmilus crusafonti'' was described from the early Pleistocene of Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin/102 |title=Machairodont Cats from the Early Pleistocene Broadwater and Lisco Local Faunas |journal=Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum |date=November 1970 |last1=Schultz |first1=C. |last2=Martin |first2=Larry }}</ref> In 1988, after some debate, the genus ''Ischyrosmilus'' was declared a junior synonym of ''Homotherium'' and all four species were reassigned to that genus as ''H. ischyrus'', ''H. idahoensis'', and ''H. johnstoni''. The same paper also proposed keeping ''Dinobastis serus'' separate from ''Homotherium''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martin |first1=Larry D. |last2=Schultz |first2=C. B. |last3=Schultz |first3=M. R. |title=Saber-Toothed Cats from the Plio-Pleistocene of Nebraska |date=1988 |journal=Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies |volume=186 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/186}}</ref>  Up to five species have been recognised from North America: ''H. idahoensis'', ''H. crusafonti'', ''H. ischyrus'', ''H. johnstoni'', and ''H. serum,''<ref>{{Cite book|author1=L.D. Martin |author2=V.L. Naples |author3=J.P. Babiarz |chapter=Revision of the new World Homotheriini |title=The Other Saber-tooths: Scimitar-tooth Cats of the Western Hemisphere |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |date=2011 |pages=185–194}}</ref> while other authors suggest that there are only two species, with older [[Blancan]] (Pliocene-Early Pleistocene) specimens assigned to the species ''H. ischyrus'', while the younger ones (mostly Late Pleistocene in age) are assigned to the species ''H. serum''. ''H. serum'' is morphologically similar to the Eurasian ''H. latidens'', which may suggest that they share a close common origin, with ''H. serum'' possibly originating from a migration of ''H. latidens'' into North America rather than from earlier North American ''Homotherium''.<ref name="antón etal 2014" /> Some authors have considered ''H. serum'' to be a [[junior synonym]] of ''H. latidens''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rodrigues-Oliveira |first1=Igor Henrique |last2=Batista da Silva |first2=Iuri |last3=Rocha |first3=Renan Rodrigues |last4=Soares |first4=Rafael Augusto Silva |last5=Menegidio |first5=Fabiano Bezerra |last6=Garcia |first6=Caroline |last7=Pasa |first7=Rubens |last8=Kavalco |first8=Karine Frehner |date=2024-12-07 |title=When paleontology meets genomics: complete mitochondrial genomes of two saber-toothed cats' species (Felidae: Machairodontinae) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24701394.2024.2439433 |journal=Mitochondrial DNA Part A |language=en |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1080/24701394.2024.2439433 |pmid=39644159 |issn=2470-1394}}</ref>

In 2005, a new species ''Homotherium venezuelensis'' was described based on fossils from the Pleistocene of Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rincón |first1=Ascanio D. |last2=Prevosti |first2=Francisco J. |last3=Parra |first3=Gilberto E. |date=2011 |title=New Saber-Toothed Cat Records (Felidae: Machairodontinae) for the Pleistocene of Venezuela, and the Great American Biotic Interchange |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=468–478 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.550366 |jstor=25835839 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..468R |s2cid=129693331|hdl=11336/69016 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> In 2022 and 2023, Jiangzuo et al. proposed that ''Homotherium venezuelensis'' be reassigned to the genus ''[[Xenosmilus]]'' (a genus originally described for Early Pleistocene aged fossils found in Florida)<ref name="jiangzuo etal 2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Jiangzuo |first1=Qigao |last2=Werdelin |first2=Lars |last3=Sun |first3=Yuanlin |date=May 2022 |title=A dwarf sabertooth cat (''Felidae'': ''Machairodontinae'') from Shanxi, China, and the phylogeny of the sabertooth tribe ''Machairodontini'' |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=284 |at=Article 107517 |bibcode=2022QSRv..28407517J |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107517}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Jiangzuo |first1=Qigao |last2=Werdelin |first2=Lars |last3=Sanisidro |first3=Oscar |last4=Yang |first4=Rong |last5=Fu |first5=Jiao |last6=Li |first6=Shijie |last7=Wang |first7=Shiqi |last8=Deng |first8=Tao |date=2023-04-26 |title=Origin of adaptations to open environments and social behaviour in sabretoothed cats from the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=290 |issue=1997 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2023.0019 |issn=0962-8452 |pmc=10113030 |pmid=37072045}}</ref> which was endorsed by another group of authors in 2024.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manzuetti |first1=Aldo |last2=Jones |first2=Washington |last3=Rinderknecht |first3=Andrés |last4=Ubilla |first4=Martín |last5=Perea |first5=Daniel |date=December 2024 |title=Body mass of a large-sized Homotheriini (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene in Southern Uruguay: Paleoecological implications |journal=[[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]] |volume=149 |at=Article 105231 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105231|bibcode=2024JSAES.14905231M }}</ref> The 2022 and 2023 studies found that ''Xenosmilus'' was nested within ''Homotherium'' as traditionally defined, making ''Homotherium'' without including the species in ''Xenosmilus'' [[paraphyletic]].<ref name="jiangzuo etal 2022" /><ref name=":10" />