Editing Homeopathy (section)

====Miasms and disease====
In the ''Organon'', Hahnemann introduced the concept of "miasms" as the "infectious principles" underlying chronic disease<ref name="ClarkeClarke2001">{{cite book |author=John Henry Clarke |title=Homeopathy explained |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUGIWuo4qc8C&pg=PA22 |access-date=January 12, 2013 |date=January 1, 2001 |publisher=Nanopathy |pages=22–|id=GGKEY:JWCD56EF80T }}</ref> and as "peculiar morbid derangement[s] of vital force".<ref name="Grimes2012">{{cite journal
|author=Grimes, D. R.
|title=Proposed mechanisms for homeopathy are physically impossible
|journal=[[Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies]] 
|date=2012
|volume=17
|issue=3
|page=154|doi=10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x
}}</ref> Hahnemann associated each miasm with specific diseases, and thought that initial exposure to miasms causes local symptoms, such as skin or venereal diseases. His assertion was that if these symptoms were suppressed by medication, the cause went deeper and began to manifest itself as diseases of the internal organs.<ref name="miasms" /> Homeopathy maintains that treating diseases by directly [[Symptomatic treatment|alleviating their symptoms]], as is sometimes done in conventional medicine, is ineffective because all "disease can generally be traced to some latent, deep-seated, underlying chronic, or inherited tendency".<ref>
{{cite journal
|url =http://homeoint.org/cazalet/ward/historycase.htm
|author =Ward JW
|title=Taking the history of the case
|journal=Pacific Coast Journal of Homeopathy
|date=July 1937
|access-date =October 22, 2007
}}</ref> The underlying imputed miasm still remains, and deep-seated ailments can be corrected only by removing the deeper disturbance of the vital force.<ref name="homphilo">
{{cite web
 |title=Cause of disease in homeopathy
 |publisher=Creighton University Department of Pharmacology
 |url=http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/cause.htm
 |access-date=July 23, 2007
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231160035/http://altmed.creighton.edu/Homeopathy/philosophy/cause.htm
 |archive-date=December 31, 2009
}}</ref>

Hahnemann's [[hypotheses]] for miasms originally presented only three local symptoms: psora (the itch), [[syphilis]] (venereal disease) or [[sycosis]] (fig-wart disease).<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Homoeopathy |volume=13 |page=645 |first=William Tod |last=Helmuth}}</ref> Of these the most important was ''psora'', described as being related to any itching diseases of the skin and was claimed to be the foundation of many further disease conditions. Hahnemann believed it to be the cause of such diseases as [[epilepsy]], [[cancer]], [[jaundice]], [[deafness]], and [[cataracts]].<ref name="Hahnemann_Chronic">
{{cite book
|author =Hahnemann S
|title =Die chronischen Krankheiten, ihre eigenthümliche Natur und homöopathische Heilung [The chronic diseases, their specific nature and homoeopathic treatment]
|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Xfk3AAAAMAAJ
|location =[[Dresden]] and [[Leipzig]]
|publisher =Arnoldische Buchhandlung
|year =1828
}}{{Page needed|date=March 2011}}</ref> Since Hahnemann's time, other miasms have been proposed, some replacing illnesses previously attributed to the psora, including [[tuberculosis]] and [[cancer]] miasms.<ref name="miasms">
{{cite web
 |work        = Classical homeopathy
 |title       = Miasms in homeopathy
 |url         = http://homepage.ntlworld.com/homeopathy_advice/Theory/Intermediate/miasm.html
 |author      = King S
 |access-date  = March 25, 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090307120146/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/homeopathy_advice/Theory/Intermediate/miasm.html
 |archive-date = March 7, 2009
 }}</ref>

Hahnemann's miasm theory remains disputed and controversial within homeopathy even in modern times. The theory of miasms has been criticized as an explanation developed to preserve the system of homeopathy in the face of treatment failures, and for being inadequate to cover the many hundreds of sorts of diseases, as well as for failing to explain disease predispositions, as well as [[genetics]], environmental factors, and the unique disease history of each patient.<ref name="Shelton">{{cite book |last=Shelton |first=JW |year=2004 |title=Homeopathy: How it really works |url=https://archive.org/details/homeopathyhowitr0000shel |url-access=registration |location=Amherst, New York |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |isbn=978-1-59102-109-4}}</ref>{{rp|148–9|date=November 2012}}