Editing Holborn (section)

===Many Civil Parishes===
[[File:Passage North side of Holborn, 1897 by Philip Norman.jpg|thumb|Passage North side of Holborn, 1897 by [[Philip Norman (artist)|Philip Norman]]]]
It has been described how the two parts of the parish came under separate civil governance (though without any civil governance at parish level) according to whether the part was in the city or outside. From the Tudor period onwards new local government were introduced in England, and parish areas were obliged to take on civil as well as ecclesiastical responsibilities for the first time, this started with [[Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597|relief of the poor]].

The two parts became, for civil but not ecclesiastical purposes, two separate parishes known as ''St Andrew Holborn Below the Bars'' and ''St Andrew Holborn Above the Bars'', the ''Bars'' being the City boundary markers. The area "above Bars" (outside the city's jurisdiction) was organised by the [[vestry]] board of the parish of [[St Andrew Holborn|St Andrew]].<ref>''The Parish of St Andrew Holborn'' pp. 11–12 Caroline Barron London 1979</ref>

[[File:City of London civil parishes Map 1870.png|thumb|St Andrew Holborn, Below the Bars, in the west of the City of London]]
As well as Holborn's two main civil parishes, there were a number of extra-parochial areas, parts of the ecclesiastical parish of Holborn but formed their own (usually tiny) civil parish areas:
* [[Liberty of Saffron Hill, Hatton Garden, Ely Rents and Ely Place]]
* [[Lincoln's Inn]] (excluding Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the combined parish of ''St Giles and Bloomsbury'')
* [[Thavie's Inn]]
* [[Barnard's Inn]]
* [[Furnival's Inn]]
* [[Gray's Inn]]
* [[Staple Inn]]