Editing Hockey (section)

==Subtypes==

=== Field hockey ===
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| footer            = [[Field hockey]], [[Indoor hockey]] and beach hockey
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{{main|Field hockey}}
Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, or sand-based or water-based [[artificial turf]], with a small, hard ball approximately 73&nbsp;mm (2.9&nbsp;in) in diameter. The game is popular among both men and women in many parts of the world, particularly in [[Europe]], [[Asia]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], and [[Argentina]]. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, although they can be mixed-sex.

The governing body is the 126-member [[International Hockey Federation]] (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at every [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]] since 1908 except for 1912 and 1924, while women's field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980.

Modern [[field hockey stick]]s are constructed of a composite of wood, glass fibre or carbon fibre (sometimes both) and are J-shaped, with a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on the playing side and a curved surface on the rear side. All sticks are right-handed – left-handed sticks are not permitted.

While field hockey in its current form appeared in mid-18th century [[England]], primarily in schools, it was not until the first half of the 19th century that it became firmly established. The first club was created in 1849 at [[Blackheath, London|Blackheath]] in south-east [[London]]. Field hockey is the [[national sport]] of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surfindia.com/sports/field-hockey.html |title=Hockey in Pakistan |access-date=June 18, 2011}}</ref> It was the national sport of [[India]] until the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] declared in August 2012 that India has no national sport.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Hockey-is-not-our-national-game-Ministry/articleshow/15322482.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415033211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-02/top-stories/33000002_1_national-game-hockey-team-indian-hockey-federation |url-status=live |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Hockey is not our national game: Ministry |access-date=May 3, 2013 }}</ref>

==== Indoor hockey ====
{{Main|Indoor hockey}}

Indoor hockey is an indoor variant of [[field hockey]]. It is similar to the outdoor game in that two teams compete to move a hard ball into the goal of the opposing side using [[hockey stick]]s. Indoor hockey is played on a smaller area and between smaller teams than field hockey and the sidelines are replaced by solid barriers from which the ball rebounds and remains in play.

=== On ice ===
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| footer            = '''[[Winter sports]]''': [[Ice hockey]]; [[Sled hockey|Para ice hockey]]; [[Bandy]]
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==== Bandy ====
{{Main|Bandy}}

Bandy is played with a [[bandy ball|ball]] on a [[association football pitch|football pitch]]-sized ice arena ([[bandy rink]]), typically outdoors, and with many rules similar to [[association football]]. It is played professionally in Russia and Sweden. The sport is recognized by the [[IOC]],<ref>[https://worldbandy.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/IOC-Recognition.jpg]</ref> including the variety [[rink bandy]]. Its international governing body is the [[Federation of International Bandy]].

Bandy has its roots in England in the 19th century, was originally called "hockey on the ice",<ref name="SBF">{{cite web |date=February 1, 2013 |title=Svenska Bandyförbundet, bandyhistoria 1875–1919 |url=http://iof1.idrottonline.se/SvenskaBandyforbundet/Bandy-Sverige/SvenskaBandyforbundet/Historikochstatistik/Historiskamilstolpar/Bandyhistoria1875-1919/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019151140/http://iof1.idrottonline.se/SvenskaBandyforbundet/Bandy-Sverige/SvenskaBandyforbundet/Historikochstatistik/Historiskamilstolpar/Bandyhistoria1875-1919/ |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |access-date=April 9, 2014 |publisher=Iof1.idrottonline.se}}</ref><ref>[https://internationalhockeywiki.com/ihw/index.php?title=A_Handbook_of_Bandy;_or,_Hockey_on_the_Ice A Handbook of Bandy; or, Hockey on the Ice]</ref> and spread from England to other European countries around 1900 (the first international match took place in early 1891, when [[Bury Fen Bandy Club]] visited [[Haarlem]]). A similar Russian sport can also be seen as a predecessor and in Russia, bandy is sometimes called "Russian hockey". [[Bandy World Championship]]s have been played since 1957 and [[Women's Bandy World Championship]]s since 2004. There are national club championships in many countries and the top clubs in the world play in the [[Bandy World Cup]] every year.

==== Ice hockey ====
{{main|Ice hockey}}
[[Ice hockey]] is played between two teams of skaters on a large flat area of ice, using a three-inch-diameter (76.2&nbsp;mm) [[Sulfur vulcanization|vulcanized rubber]] disc called a [[hockey puck|puck]]. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice. The game is played all over North America, Europe and to varying extents in many other countries around the world. It is the most popular sport in [[Canada]], [[Finland]], [[Latvia]], the [[Czech Republic]], and [[Slovakia]]. Ice hockey is the national sport of Latvia<ref name="NRA">{{Cite web| url= http://www.nra.lv/zinas/27398-nacionalie-sporta-veidi.htm | title= Nacionālie sporta veidi... | access-date=November 15, 2009|language=lv}}</ref> and the national winter sport of Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-16.7/page-1.html|title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, National Sports of Canada Act|first=Legislative Services|last=Branch|website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca|date=December 31, 2002}}</ref> Ice hockey is played at a number of levels, by all ages.

The governing body of international play is the 77-member [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] (IIHF). Men's ice hockey has been played at the [[Ice hockey at the Olympic Games|Winter Olympics]] since 1924, and was in the [[1920 Summer Olympics]]. Women's ice hockey was added to the [[1998 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics in 1998]]. [[North America]]'s [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) is the strongest professional ice hockey league, drawing top ice hockey players from around the globe. The NHL rules are slightly different from those used in Olympic ice hockey over many categories. International ice hockey rules were adopted from Canadian rules in the early 1900s.{{sfn|Podnieks|Szemberg|2007|p=198}}

The contemporary sport developed in Canada from European and native influences. These included various stick and ball games similar to field hockey, bandy and other games where two teams push a ball or object back and forth with sticks. These were played outdoors on ice under the name "hockey" in England throughout the 19th century, and even earlier under various other names.{{sfn|Gidén|Houda|Martel|2014|p=}} In Canada, there are 24 reports{{sfn|Gidén|Houda|Martel|2014|pp=24, 25, 248}} of hockey-like games in the 19th century before 1875 (five of them using the name "hockey"). The [[First indoor hockey game|first organized and recorded game]] of ice hockey was played indoors in [[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec]], Canada, on March 3, 1875, and featured several [[McGill University]] students.

[[Ice hockey stick]]s are long L-shaped sticks made of wood, [[graphite#Uses of natural graphite|graphite]], or [[composite materials|composites]] with a blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is held upright and can legally curve either way, for [[left-handed|left]]- or [[right-handed]] players.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/biomechanics-ice-hockey-slap-shots-which-stick-best |title=Biomechanics of Ice Hockey Slap Shots: Which Stick Is Best? |last=Laliberte |first=David J. |work=The Sport Journal |issn=1543-9518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806023625/http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/biomechanics-ice-hockey-slap-shots-which-stick-best |archive-date=August 6, 2009 }}</ref>

==== Para ice hockey ====
{{Main|Sledge hockey}}
[[File:2010ParalympicsCanadaVsSwedenIceSledgeHockey.jpg|thumb|[[Sledge hockey]] (or "sled hockey") is now called "Para ice hockey". It is the only hockey sport on ice created exclusively for participants with physical disabilities.]][[Sledge hockey]], a variant of ice hockey designed for players with physical disabilities, was created in the 1960s and has since been renamed, "Para-ice hockey".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-24 |title=Ice Sledge Hockey |url=https://www.paralympicheritage.org.uk/ice-sledge-hockey |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=National Paralympic Heritage Trust |language=en}}</ref>

Ice sledge hockey, or "para ice hockey", is a form of ice hockey designed for players with physical [[disability|disabilities]] affecting their lower bodies. Players sit on double-bladed [[sled]]ges and use two sticks; each stick has a blade at one end and small picks at the other. Players use the sticks to pass, stickhandle and shoot the puck, and to propel their sledges. The rules are very similar to [[International Ice Hockey Federation|IIHF]] ice hockey rules.<ref>{{cite web | last=International Paralympic Committee | author-link=International Paralympic Committee | title=Ice Sledge Hockey&nbsp;— Rulebook | url=http://www.paralympic.org/release/Winter_Sports/Ice_Sledge_Hockey/About_the_sport/Rules/ice_sledge_hockey_rulebook.pdf | access-date=October 11, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040903111725/http://www.paralympic.org/release/Winter_Sports/Ice_Sledge_Hockey/About_the_sport/Rules/ice_sledge_hockey_rulebook.pdf | archive-date=September 3, 2004 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Canada is a recognized international leader in the development of sledge hockey, and much of the equipment for the sport was first developed there, such as sledge [[hockey stick]]s laminated with [[fiberglass]], as well as aluminum shafts with hand-carved insert blades and special aluminum sledges with regulation skate blades.

=== Roller hockey ===
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| image3            = Rink-Hockey Euroleague 2012-2013 - Genève vs Hockey Valdagno - 16.jpg
| footer            = '''[[Roller hockey]] (inline and quad)''':<br />[[Inline hockey]]; [[International Inline Skater Hockey Federation#Inline Skater Hockey|Inline skater hockey]]; [[Roller hockey (quad)]]
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{{Main|Roller hockey}}

==== Inline hockey ====
{{main|Inline hockey}}
[[File:Bully beim Inline-Skaterhockey.jpg|thumb|[[Inline hockey]] using a ball is more common in Europe.]]

Though [[inline hockey]] is considered a variant of [[roller hockey]] {{aka}} "rink hockey", it was derived from [[ice hockey]] instead and uses a type of [[hockey puck]] or a ball. Both roller games use a type of wheeled skate but inline hockey uses [[inline skates]] rather than [[roller skates]] or "quads".

The puck-based inline variant is more commonly played in North America while the ball-based variant is more popular in Europe.

Inline hockey puck variant is played by two teams, consisting of four skaters and one goalie, on a dry rink divided into two halves by a center line, with one net at each end of the rink. The game is played in two 20-minute periods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worldskate - Skateboarding & Roller Sports - Regulations - Regulation |url=https://www.worldskate.org/inline-hockey/about/regulations.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.worldskate.org}}</ref> The sport is recognized as being governed by [[World Skate]] which organizes [[FIRS Inline Hockey World Championships]]. The [[International Ice Hockey Federation]] organized [[IIHF Inline Hockey World Championships]] but it has discontinued

==== Roller hockey (quad) ====
{{main|Roller hockey (quad)}}Roller hockey, also known as "quad hockey", "international-style ball hockey", "rink hockey" and "Hoquei em Patins", is an overarching name for a roller sport that uses [[roller skates|quad skates]]. It has existed long before the invention of [[inline skates]]. The sport is played in over sixty countries and has a worldwide following. Roller hockey was a demonstration sport at the [[Barcelona 1992|1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics]].

==== Inline sledge hockey ====
Based on ice sledge hockey, [[inline sledge hockey]] is played to the same rules as inline puck hockey (essentially ice hockey played off-ice using inline skates). There is no classification point system dictating who can play inline sledge hockey, unlike the situation with other team sports such as wheelchair basketball and wheelchair rugby. Inline sledge hockey is being developed to allow everyone, regardless of whether they have a disability or not, to complete up to world championship level based solely on talent and ability.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hockey Rules and Regualtions |url=https://www.sportzvision.com/hockey-rules.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.sportzvision.com}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

The first game of organized inline sledge hockey was played at [[Bisley, Surrey]], England, on December 19, 2009, between the Hull Stingrays and the Grimsby Redwings. [[Matt Lloyd, Paralympic Athlete|Matt Lloyd]] is credited with inventing inline sledge hockey, and Great Britain is seen as the international leader in the game's development.

=== Street hockey ===
{{main|Street hockey}}

Also known as road hockey, this is a dry-land variant of ice and roller hockey played year-round on a hard surface (usually asphalt). A ball is usually used instead of a puck, and protective equipment is not usually worn.