Editing Hoagy Carmichael (section)

=== 1930s ===
After the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|October 1929 stock market crash]], Carmichael's hard-earned savings declined substantially. Fortunately, Louis Armstrong had recorded "[[Rockin' Chair (1929 song)|Rockin' Chair]]" at [[Okeh Records|Okeh]] studios in 1929, giving Carmichael a badly needed financial and career boost. The song became one of Carmichael's jazz standards.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=26}}{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=136}} Carmichael composed and recorded "[[Georgia on My Mind]]" (lyrics by [[Stuart Gorrell]]) in 1930. The song became another jazz staple, as well as a pop standard, especially after [[World War II]].{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=35}} Carmichael also arranged and recorded "[[Up a Lazy River]]" in 1930, a tune by [[Sidney Arodin]]. Although Carmichael and the band he assembled had first recorded "Stardust" as an instrumental in 1927, [[Bing Crosby]] recorded the tune with Mitchell Parish's lyrics in 1931.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=27}}

Carmichael joined [[ASCAP]] in 1931. The following year he began working as a songwriter for [[Ralph Peer]]'s Southern Music Company, the first music firm to occupy the new [[Brill Building]], which became a famous New York songwriting mecca. The [[Great Depression]] rapidly put an end to the jazz scene of the [[Roaring Twenties]]. People were no longer attending clubs or buying music, forcing many musicians out of work. Carmichael was fortunate to retain his low-paying but stable job as a songwriter with Southern Music. Beiderbecke's early death in 1931 also darkened Carmichael's mood.<ref name=Timeline>{{cite web| title =The Hoagy Carmichael Collection: Timeline of Hoagy Carmichael's Life | publisher=Indiana University | date =November 18, 2002 | url=http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/collections/hoagy/research/timeline/index.html| access-date =December 6, 2016}}</ref> Of that time, he wrote later: "I was tiring of jazz and I could see that other musicians were tiring as well. The boys were losing their enthusiasm for the hot stuff…. No more hot licks, no more thrills."{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=147}}

Carmichael's eulogy for "hot" jazz, however, was premature. [[Big band]] [[Swing music|swing]] was just around the corner, and jazz soon turned in another direction with new bandleaders, such as [[Benny Goodman]], [[Jimmy Dorsey|Jimmy]] and [[Tommy Dorsey]], and new singers, such as [[Bing Crosby]], leading the way. Carmichael's output followed the changing trend. In 1933 he began a long-lasting collaboration with lyricist [[Johnny Mercer]], newly arrived in New York, on "[[Lazybones (song)|Lazybones]]," which became a hit. [[Southern Music]] published the sheet music in 1933; more than 350,000 copies were sold in three months.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=27}}{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=157}} Carmichael collaborated with Mercer on nearly three dozen songs,{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=7}} including "Thanksgiving," "Moon Country," and the 1951 [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winner for best song, "In the Cool, Cool, Cool, of the Evening."{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|pp=151, 153}}

Carmichael also began to emerge as a solo singer-performer, first at parties, then professionally. He described his unique, laconic voice as sounding "the way a shaggy dog looks... I have Wabash fog and sycamore twigs in my throat."{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=173}} Some fans were dismayed as he steadily veered away from "hot" jazz, but Armstrong's recordings continued to "jazz up" Carmichael's popular songs. In 1935 Carmichael left Southern Music Company and began composing songs for a division of [[Warner Bros.|Warner Brothers]], establishing his connection with [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. "Moonburn," the first song Carmichael wrote for a motion picture, was sung by Bing Crosby in Paramount Pictures’ film ''[[Anything Goes (1936 film)|Anything Goes]]'' in 1936.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=27}}

Following his marriage to Ruth Mary Meinardi, the daughter of a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] minister, on March 14, 1936, the couple moved to California, where Carmichael hoped to find more work in the film industry.{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|pp=168–72}} In 1937, the year before the birth of the couple's first son, Hoaglund Jr. (Hoagy Bix), Carmichael accepted a contract with [[Paramount Pictures]] for $1,000 a week, joining other songwriters working for the Hollywood studios, including [[Harry Warren]] at Warner Brothers, [[E. Y. Harburg]] at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]], and [[Ralph Rainger]] and [[Leo Robin]] at Paramount.{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=185}}{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=9}}

Carmichael found work as a character actor in Hollywood. His on-screen debut occurred in 1937 in ''[[Topper (film)|Topper]]'', with [[Cary Grant]] and [[Constance Bennett]]. Carmichael portrayed a piano player and performed his song "Old Man Moon" in the film.<ref name=Timeline /> The effort led to other character actor roles in the 1940s.{{sfn|Gugin|St. Clair|2015|p=49}}

Carmichael also continued to write individual songs. His song "Chimes of Indiana" was presented to Indiana University, Carmichael's alma mater, in 1937 as a gift from the class of 1935.<ref>In 1978 the IU Alumni Association adopted "Chimes of Indiana" as one of IU's official fight songs. See {{cite web |title=Indiana, Our Indiana Hail to Old IU Indiana Fight Chimes of Indiana |publisher=Indiana University Athletics |url=http://sidearm.sites.s3.amazonaws.com/iuhoosiers.com/documents/2015/4/6/iusongs.pdf |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235459/http://sidearm.sites.s3.amazonaws.com/iuhoosiers.com/documents/2015/4/6/iusongs.pdf |url-status=dead }} See also {{cite web |title=Audio |publisher=Indiana University Marching Hundred |url=http://www.indiana.edu/~bands/sound.php |access-date=December 12, 2016 }}</ref>{{sfn|Sudhalter|2002|p=255}} In 1938, Carmichael collaborated with Paramount lyricist [[Frank Loesser]] on "[[Heart and Soul (1938 song)|Heart and Soul]]," "[[Two Sleepy People]]," and "[[Small Fry (song)|Small Fry.]]" "Heart and Soul" was included in Paramount's motion picture ''A Song Is Born'' (1938), performed by Larry Clinton and his orchestra. (After 1950, a simpler version became a popular piano duet among American children.) [[Dick Powell]] premiered Carmichael's "[[I Get Along Without You Very Well (Except Sometimes)]]" in a national radio broadcast in 1938.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|pp=43–44}}

"Little Old Lady," included in ''The Show Is On'' (1936), was Carmichael's first song to appear in a [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] musical and became a hit,{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=9}} but Carmichael's score for the Broadway production ''Walk with Music'', which he did with Mercer, was unsuccessful. The musical opened in 1940 and ran for only three weeks,<ref name=Timeline /> producing no hit songs. Carmichael never attempted another musical, resuming his career as a singer-songwriter and character actor in Hollywood.{{sfn|Hasse|1988|p=11}}