Editing History of the Netherlands (section)

===Frisians===
{{Main|Frisian Kingdom|Dorestad}}
[[File:Frisia 716-la.svg|thumb|left|Map showing roughly the distribution of Franks and Frisians c. 716]]
As climatic conditions improved, there was another mass migration of [[Germanic tribes|Germanic]] peoples into the area from the east. This is known as the "[[Migration Period]]" (''Volksverhuizingen''). The northern Netherlands received an influx of new migrants and settlers, mostly [[Saxons]], but also [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] and [[Jutes]]. Many of these migrants did not stay in the northern Netherlands but moved on to England and are known today as the [[Anglo-Saxons]]. The newcomers who stayed in the northern Netherlands would eventually be referred to as "Frisians", although they were not descended from the ancient [[Frisii]]. These new Frisians settled in the northern Netherlands and would become the ancestors of the modern [[Frisians]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Bazelmans |first=Jos |title=Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition |url=http://s393993344.online.de/ssoar/handle/document/27183 |pages=321–337 |publication-date=2009 |date=2009 |editor-last=Derks |editor-first=Ton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830194912/http://s393993344.online.de/ssoar/handle/document/27183 |contribution=The early-medieval use of ethnic names from classical antiquity: The case of the Frisians |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fM_cmuhmSbIC&pg=PA321 |place=Amsterdam |publisher=Amsterdam University |isbn=978-90-8964-078-9 |access-date=30 August 2017 |archive-date=30 August 2017 |editor2-last=Roymans |editor2-first=Nico |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/ijzertijd/eeuw1ac/frisii.html Frisii en Frisiaevones, 25–08–02 (Dutch)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003101550/http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/ijzertijd/eeuw1ac/frisii.html |date=3 October 2011}}, Bertsgeschiedenissite.nl. Retrieved 6 October 2011</ref> (Because the early Frisians and Anglo-Saxons were formed from largely identical tribal confederacies, their respective languages were very similar. [[Old Frisian]] is the most closely related language to [[Old English]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kortlandt |first=Frederik |date=1999 |title=The origin of the Old English dialects revisited |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/1937/1/344_121.pdf |publisher=[[University of Leiden]]}}</ref> and the modern Frisian dialects are in turn the closest related languages to contemporary English.) By the end of the 6th century, the Frisian territory in the northern Netherlands had expanded west to the [[North Sea]] coast and, by the 7th century, south to [[Dorestad]]. During this period most of the northern Netherlands was known as [[Frisia]]. This extended Frisian territory is sometimes referred to as ''[[Frisian Kingdom|Frisia Magna]]'' (or [[Greater Frisia]]).

[[File:Dorestad and trade routes.jpg|thumb|Dorestad and main trade routes]]
In the 7th and 8th centuries, the [[Franks|Frankish]] chronologies mention this area as the [[Frisian Kingdom|kingdom of the Frisians]]. This kingdom comprised the coastal provinces of the Netherlands and the German North Sea coast. During this time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern North Sea coast. The 7th-century [[Frisian Kingdom]] (650–734) under King [[Aldegisel]] and King [[Redbad, King of the Frisians|Redbad]], had its centre of power in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]].

Dorestad was the largest settlement ([[Emporia (early medieval)|emporia]]) in northwestern Europe. It had grown around a former Roman fortress. It was a large, flourishing trading place, three kilometers long and situated where the rivers [[Rhine]] and [[Lek river|Lek]] diverge southeast of [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] near the modern town of [[Wijk bij Duurstede]].<ref>Willemsen, A. (2009), ''Dorestad. Een wereldstad in de middeleeuwen,'' Walburg Pers, Zutphen, pp. 23–27, {{ISBN|978-90-5730-627-3}}</ref><ref name="Atlas">{{Cite book |last1=MacKay |first1=Angus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q50IyzCMQxgC&q=dorestad&pg=PA57 |title=Atlas of Medieval Europe |last2=David Ditchburn |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-415-01923-1 |page=57}}</ref> Although inland, it was a North Sea trading centre that primarily handled goods from the Middle [[Rhineland]].<ref name="Atlas" /><ref name="MC&OE">{{Cite book |last1=Hodges |first1=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/mohammedcharlema00hodg_0 |title=Mohammed, Charlemagne and the Origins of Europe |last2=David Whitehouse |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=1983 |isbn=978-0-8014-9262-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mohammedcharlema00hodg_0/page/99 99] |quote=dorestad. |url-access=registration}}</ref> Wine was among the major products traded at Dorestad, likely from vineyards south of [[Mainz]].<ref name="MC&OE" /> It was also widely known because of its [[Mint (coin)|mint]]. Between 600 and around 719 Dorestad was often fought over between the Frisians and the Franks.