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==Struggle for independence (1821-1841)== {{See also|History of Central America}} [[File: José Matias Delgado.jpg|thumb|[[José Matías Delgado|José Matías Delgado y de León]], intellectual leader of the Salvadoran independence movement]] [[File:Vergara detalle firmaacta1821.JPG|thumb|left|José Matías Delgado At the time of signing the Central American act of independence, in a representation of the meeting of September 15, 1821 of the Chilean painter Luis Vergara Ahumada.]] In the early 19th century, [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte|Napoleon's occupation of Spain]] led to the outbreak of revolts across Spanish America. All of the fighting by those seeking independence was done in the center of New Spain from 1810 to 1821, in what is currently central Mexico. After [[Juan O'Donojú|the viceroy]] was defeated in [[Mexico City]] in 1821, news of the independence was sent to all the territories of New Spain including the intendancies of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala. The public proclamation was done through the 1821 [[Act of Independence of Central America]]. After the declaration of independence, the parliament of New Spain intended to establish a commonwealth whereby the King of Spain, [[Ferdinand VII]], would also be Emperor of New Spain, but in which both countries would be governed by separate laws and with their own legislative offices. Should the king refuse the position, the law provided for another member of the [[House of Bourbon]] to accede to the throne of New Spain. Ferdinand VII, however, did not recognize the independence of New Spain and said that Spain would not allow any other European prince to take the throne of New Spain. Parliament proclaimed [[Agustín de Iturbide]] emperor of New Spain on 19 May 1822 and renamed New Spain as the [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]]. The territory of the Mexican Empire included the continental intendancies and provinces of New Spain proper, [[Central America under Mexican rule|including those]] of the former [[Captaincy General of Guatemala]]. El Salvador, fearing incorporation into Mexico, petitioned the United States government for statehood. But in 1823, a revolution in Mexico ousted Emperor Agustín de Iturbide and a new Mexican congress voted to allow the Central American intendancies to decide their own fate. That year, the [[Federal Republic of Central America]] (FRCA) was formed of the five Central American intendancies under General [[Manuel José Arce]]. The intendancies became states under the FRCA. In 1832, Anastasio Aquino led [[Anastasio Aquino's Rebellion|an indigenous revolt]] against [[Criollo people|criollos]] and [[Mestizo#El Salvador|mestizos]] in [[Santiago Nonualco]], a small town in the province of [[La Paz Department (El Salvador)|La Paz]]. The source of the discontent of the indigenous people was the constant abuse and the lack of land to cultivate. The problem of land distribution has been the source of many political conflicts in Salvadoran history. The FRCA was dissolved in February 1841,<ref name=Foster2000>{{cite book|first=Lynn V.|last=Foster|title=A Brief History of Central America|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|year=2000|pages=134–136|isbn=0-8160-3962-3}}</ref> and El Salvador gained recognition as an independent republic on 18 February 1841.<ref name=FitzGerald2014>{{cite book|first=David Scott|last=FitzGerald|title=Culling the Masses|page=363|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|year=2014|isbn=978-0-674-36967-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldNoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA363}}</ref>
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