Editing History of Egypt (section)

=== First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period ===
{{Main|First Intermediate Period of Egypt|Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Second Intermediate Period of Egypt}}

The [[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period]] ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years.<ref name = scinews/> Stronger Nile floods and stabilization of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] c. 2040 BC, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh [[Amenemhat III]]. A [[Second Intermediate Period of Egypt|second period of disunity]] heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the [[ancient Semitic-speaking peoples|Semitic-speaking]] [[Hyksos]]. The Hyksos migrants<ref name = scinews>{{cite web|url = http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/immigrant-hyksos-dynasty-08646.html |title = Rulers of Ancient Egypt's Enigmatic Hyksos Dynasty Were Immigrants, Not Invaders|work = Sci-News.com|date = 16 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0235414 | doi-access=free | title=Who were the Hyksos? Challenging traditional narratives using strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of human remains from ancient Egypt | year=2020 | last1=Stantis | first1=Chris | last2=Kharobi | first2=Arwa | last3=Maaranen | first3=Nina | last4=Nowell | first4=Geoff M. | last5=Bietak | first5=Manfred | last6=Prell | first6=Silvia | last7=Schutkowski | first7=Holger | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=15 | issue=7 | pages=e0235414 | pmid=32667937 | pmc=7363063 | bibcode=2020PLoSO..1535414S }}</ref> took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BC and founded a new capital at [[Avaris]]. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by [[Ahmose I]], who founded the [[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Eighteenth Dynasty]] and relocated the capital from [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] to [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]].