Editing History of Chad (section)

===Baguirmi and Wadai===
{{main|Kingdom of Baguirmi|Wadai Sultanate}}
[[File:Rabih az-Zubayr 1896.png|thumb|right|[[Rabih az-Zubayr]]'s Empire, [[Wadai Sultanate]], [[Senussi]] and other state entities in the region, 1896]]
The [[Kingdom of Baguirmi]], located southeast of Kanem-Bornu, was founded in the late 15th or early 16th century, and adopted Islam in the reign of [[Abdullah IV]] (1568–1598). Baguirmi was in a tributary relationship with Kanem–Bornu at various points in the 17th and 18th centuries, then to Ouaddai in the 19th century. In 1893, Baguirmi sultan [[Abd ar Rahman Gwaranga]] surrendered the territory to France, and it became a French protectorate.<ref name="locchad16">Collier 1990 p. 16</ref>

The [[Wadai Sultanate]] (Ouaddai Kingdom), west of Kanem–Bornu, was established in the early 16th century by Tunjur rulers. In the 1630s, [[Abd al Karim]] invaded and established an Islamic sultanate. Among its most impactful rulers for the next three centuries were [[Muhammad Sabun]], who controlled a new trade route to the north and established a currency during the early 19th century, and [[Muhammad Sharif of Ouaddai|Muhammad Sharif]], whose military campaigns in the mid 19th century fended off an assimilation attempt from Darfur, conquered Baguirmi, and successfully resisted French colonization. However, Ouaddai lost its independence to France after a [[Ouaddai War|war]] from 1909 to 1912.<ref name="locchad16" />