Editing History of British newspapers (section)

===Major papers===
''[[The Courier (Dundee)|The Courier]]'' is a newspaper published by [[D. C. Thomson & Co.]] in [[Dundee]], Scotland. It had five daily editions for Dundee, Fife, Perth and Angus. It was established in 1801 as the ''Dundee Courier & Argus''. Like most papers the entire front page was devoted to classified advertisements; ''The Courier'' was unusual in maintaining this format until 1992, before adopting the headline-news format.

''[[Seren Gomer]]'' was a [[Welsh language]] periodical founded in 1814 by the clergyman and writer [[Joseph Harris (Gomer)]], the first Welsh-language newspaper.

The ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'' was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of [[Nonconformist (Protestantism)|non-conformist]] businessmen. Its most famous editor, [[Charles Prestwich Scott]], made the ''Manchester Guardian'' into a world-famous newspaper in the 1890s. It is now called ''The Guardian'' and published in London.

''[[The Scotsman]]'' was launched<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.scotsman.com/help/about |title=The Scotsman Archive – 25 January 1817 (page 1 of 8) – The Scotsman launched |work=The Scotsman |location=UK  |access-date=20 December 2009}}</ref> in 1817 as a liberal weekly newspaper by lawyer [[William Ritchie (Newspaper Editor)|William Ritchie]] and [[customs]] official [[Charles Maclaren]] in response to the "unblushing subservience" of competing newspapers to the Edinburgh establishment.  The paper was pledged to "impartiality, firmness and independence". Its modern editorial line is firmly anti-independence. After the abolition of newspaper [[stamp tax]] in Scotland in 1855, ''The Scotsman'' was relaunched as a daily newspaper priced at [[£sd|1d]] and a circulation of 6,000 copies.

The [[Chartism|Chartist]] ''[[Northern Star (chartist newspaper)|Northern Star]]'', first published on 26 May 1838, was a pioneer of popular journalism but was very closely linked to the fortunes of the movement and was out of business by 1852. At the same time there was the establishment of more specialised periodicals and the first cheap newspaper in the ''Daily Telegraph and Courier'' (1855), later to be known simply as the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]''. 
[[File:Telegraph29061855.jpg|thumb|1855 first edition of the ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'']]
''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' was first published on 29 June 1855 and was owned by [[Arthur B. Sleigh|Arthur Sleigh]], who transferred it to [[Joseph Moses Levy|Joseph Levy]] the following year. Levy produced it as the first penny newspaper in London. His son, Edward Lawson soon became editor, a post he held until 1885. ''The Daily Telegraph'' became the organ of the middle class and could claim the largest circulation in the world in 1890. It held a consistent Liberal Party allegiance until opposing Gladstone's foreign policy in 1878 when it turned Unionist.<ref>{{cite book|last=Franklin|first=Bob|title=Pulling Newspapers Apart|url=https://archive.org/details/pullingnewspaper00fran|url-access=limited|year=2008|pages=[https://archive.org/details/pullingnewspaper00fran/page/n303 292]}}</ref>

''[[The Illustrated London News]]'', founded in 1842, was the world's first illustrated weekly newspaper. [[Mason Jackson]], its art editor for thirty years, published in 1885 ''The Pictorial Press'', a history of illustrated newspapers. ''The Illustrated London News'' was published weekly until 1971 when it became monthly; bimonthly from 1989; and then quarterly before publication ceased.

The ''[[Western Mail (Wales)|Western Mail]]'' was founded in [[Cardiff]] in 1869<ref>''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales''. John Davies, [[Nigel Jenkins]], Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg615 {{ISBN|978-0-7083-1953-6}}</ref> by [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] as a penny daily paper. It describes itself as "the national newspaper of Wales" (originally "the national newspaper of Wales and [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]]"), although it has a very limited circulation in [[North Wales]].<ref>[http://www.wlga.gov.uk/download.php?id=767&l=1 Minutes of the Welsh Local Government Association Co-ordinating Committee, 26 March 2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217150921/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/download.php?id=767&l=1 |date=17 February 2012 }}</ref>

From 1860 until around 1910 is considered a 'golden age' of newspaper publication, with technical advances in printing and communication combined with a professionalisation of journalism and the prominence of new owners. Newspapers became more partisan and there was the rise of new or yellow journalism (see [[William Thomas Stead]]).  Socialist and labour newspapers also proliferated and in 1912 the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' was launched as the first daily newspaper of the [[trade union]] and labour movement.

The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' was first published in 1896 by [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Lord Northcliffe]]. It became Britain's second biggest-selling daily newspaper, outsold only by ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]''.<ref name="pressgazette1">{{cite magazine|last=Gazette |first=Press |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=48913&c=1 |title=First official figures give The Sun Sunday 3.2m circ |magazine=Press Gazette |access-date=12 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310112424/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=48913&c=1 |archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref> The ''Daily Mail'' was Britain's first daily newspaper aimed at the newly literate "lower-middle class market resulting from [[Elementary Education Act 1870|mass education]], combining a low retail price with plenty of competitions, prizes and promotional gimmicks",<ref name="Paul2001">{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3l_wD4Nq40YC&pg=PA83 |title=News and news sources |author=Paul Manning | isbn=978-0-7619-5797-3 | year=2001 | publisher=Sage}}</ref> and the first British paper to sell a million copies a day.<ref name="1millionaday">{{Citation|url=http://www.eurocosm.com/Application/Products/Original-newspapers/newspaper-history-GB.asp |title=Milestones in 20th Century Newspaper history in Britain |publisher=Eurocosm UK |access-date=12 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420114901/http://www.eurocosm.com/Application/Products/Original-newspapers/newspaper-history-GB.asp |archive-date=20 April 2008}}</ref> It was, from the outset, a newspaper for women, being the first to provide features especially for them,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WQUoyZ9DPpAC&dq=%22daily+mail%22+%22newspaper+for+women%22&pg=PA88 Newsmen speak: journalists on their craft] Edmo nd D. Coblentz, University of California Press, 1954 page 88</ref> and is the only British newspaper whose readership is more than 50% female, at 53%.{{clarify|as of when? is this still true?|date=September 2012}}<ref name="Margaret2000">{{citation |title=All the world and her husband: women in twentieth-century consumer culture |author=Margaret R. Andrews, Mary M. Talbot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPHucjV8JdwC&pg=PA11 | isbn=978-0-304-70152-0 | year=2000 | publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group}}</ref><ref name="Hugo2008">{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8reOOY24nEC&pg=PA282 |title=Investigative journalism |author=Hugo de Burgh, Paul Bradshaw | isbn=978-0-415-44144-5 | year=2008 | publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref name="Peter2005">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/women-readers-the-neverending-search-313332.html |title=Women readers: the never-ending search |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=UK |first=Peter |last=Cole | date=18 September 2005 }}</ref>