Editing Hippie (section)

===1958–1965: Early hippies===
[[File:Furthur 02.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.25|{{poemquote|Escapin' through the lily fields
I came across an empty space
It trembled and exploded
Left a bus stop in its place
The bus came by and I got on
That's when it all began
There was cowboy Neal
At the wheel
Of a bus to never-ever land}} – [[Grateful Dead]], lyrics from "That's It for the Other One"<ref name="Dodd 1998">{{Citation
  | last = Dodd
  | first = David
  | title = The Annotated Grateful Dead Lyrics: "That's It For The Other One"
  | publisher = [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]
  | date = June 22, 1998
  | url = http://arts.ucsc.edu/gdead/agdl/other1.html
  | access-date = 2008-05-09
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080514110543/http://arts.ucsc.edu/GDead/AGDL/other1.html
  | archive-date = May 14, 2008
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref>]]

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, novelist [[Ken Kesey]] and the [[Merry Pranksters]] lived communally first in [[Oregon]] and after the 1962 success of his novel ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' in his San Francisco villa. Members included Beat Generation hero [[Neal Cassady]], [[Ken Babbs]], [[Carolyn Garcia|Carolyn Adams (aka Mountain Girl/Carolyn Garcia)]], [[Stewart Brand]], [[Del Close]], [[Paul Foster (cartoonist)|Paul Foster]], [[Merry Pranksters|George Walker]], Sandy Lehmann-Haupt and others. Their adventures were documented in [[Tom Wolfe]]'s book ''[[The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test]]''. With Cassady at the wheel of a school bus named [[Further (bus)|Further]], the Merry Pranksters traveled across the United States to celebrate the publication of Kesey's novel ''[[Sometimes a Great Notion (novel)|Sometimes a Great Notion]]'' and to visit the 1964 [[World's Fair]] in New York City. The Merry Pranksters were known for using [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]], [[amphetamine]], and [[LSD]], and during their journey they "turned on" many people to these [[Psychoactive drug|drugs]]. The Merry Pranksters filmed and audio-taped their bus trips, creating an immersive [[multimedia]] experience that would later be presented to the public in the form of festivals and concerts. The [[Grateful Dead]] wrote a song about the Merry Pranksters' bus trips called "That's It for the Other One".<ref name="Dodd 1998" />

In 1961, [[Vito Paulekas]] and his wife Szou established in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] a clothing boutique which was credited with being one of the first to introduce "hippie" fashions.<ref name="scram">{{citation |url = http://www.scrammagazine.com/franzoni |title = Carl Franzoni, Last of the Freaks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621124240/http://www.scrammagazine.com/franzoni |archive-date=21 June 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rogan">{{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLCw5BbrTwkC&q=%22vito+paulekas%22&pg=PA66|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited : the Sequel|first=Johnny|last=Rogan|page=66|date=August 31, 1997|publisher=Rogan House|via=Google Books|isbn=9780952954019}}</ref><ref name="walker">{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYbZZUAOpdAC&q=%22vito+paulekas%22&pg=PA14|title=Laurel Canyon: The Inside Story of Rock-and-Roll's Legendary Neighborhood|first=Michael|last=Walker|page=14|date=May 1, 2010|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|via=Google Books|isbn=9781429932936}}</ref>

During this period [[Greenwich Village]] in New York City and [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], California anchored the American folk music circuit.

Berkeley's two coffee houses, "the Cabale Creamery" and "the Jabberwock", sponsored performances by folk music artists in a beat setting.<ref>{{Citation
  | last1 = Arnold
  | first1 = Corry
  | last2 = Hannan
  | first2 = Ross
  | title = The History of The Jabberwock
  | date = May 9, 2007
  | url = http://www.chickenonaunicycle.com/Jabberwock%20History.htm
  | access-date = 2007-08-31
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070829100812/http://www.chickenonaunicycle.com/Jabberwock%20History.htm
  | archive-date = August 29, 2007
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref>

In April 1963, Chandler A. Laughlin III, co-founder of the Cabale Creamery,<ref>{{Citation
  | last1 = Hannan
  | first1 = Ross
  | last2 = Arnold
  | first2 = Corry
  | title = Berkeley Art
  | date = October 7, 2007
  | url = http://www.chickenonaunicycle.com/Berkeley%20Art.htm
  | access-date = 2007-10-07
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181015142227/http://www.chickenonaunicycle.com/Berkeley%20Art.htm
  | archive-date = October 15, 2018
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref> established a kind of tribal, family identity among approximately fifty people who attended a traditional, all-night Native American [[peyote]] ceremony in a rural setting. This ceremony combined a [[psychedelic experience]] with traditional [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] spiritual values; these people went on to sponsor a unique genre of musical expression and performance at the "Red Dog Saloon" in the isolated, old-time mining town of [[Virginia City, Nevada|Virginia City]], Nevada.<ref name="Works" />