Editing Hezbollah (section)

=== Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO) ===
Whether the [[Islamic Jihad Organization]] (IJO) was a ''[[nom de guerre]]'' used by Hezbollah or a separate organization, is disputed. According to certain sources, IJO was identified as merely a "telephone organization",<ref>Marius Deeb, "Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis, and Ideology", Occasional Paper Series (Washington, DC, Georgetown University, 1986) p. 19</ref><ref>al-Nahar, 7 September 1985</ref> and whose name was "used by those involved to disguise their true identity".<ref>''al-Nahar al-Arabi'', 10 June</ref><ref>''Ma'aretz'', 16 December 1983</ref><ref>''Le Point'', 30 July 1987</ref><ref>''al-Shira'', 28 August 1988</ref><ref>''Nouveau Magazine'', 23 July 1988</ref> Hezbollah reportedly also used another name, "Islamic Resistance" (''al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''), for attacks against Israel.<ref name=magnus97>Ranstorp (1997)</ref>{{rp|67}}

A 2003 American court decision found IJO was the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, parts of the Middle East and Europe.<ref>see also {{cite web|title=Anne Dammarell et al. v. Islamic Republic of Iran|url=http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/01-2224.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231142249/http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/01-2224.pdf|archive-date=31 December 2005|author=Bates, John D. (Presiding)|date=September 2003|location=District of Columbia, U.S.|publisher=The United States District Court for the District of Columbia |access-date=21 September 2006}}</ref> The US,<ref name="USDbackground2801" /> Israel<ref name="mfaGOV960411" /> and Canada<ref name="Canada-Gazette-Part-II-2003"/> consider the names "Islamic Jihad Organization", "Organization of the Oppressed on Earth" and the "Revolutionary Justice Organization" to be synonymous with Hezbollah.