Editing Heritability (section)

===Assumptions===
Estimates of the total heritability of human traits assume the absence of epistasis, which has been called the "assumption of additivity". Although some researchers have cited such estimates in support of the existence of "[[missing heritability]]" unaccounted for by known genetic loci, the assumption of additivity may render these estimates invalid.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zuk O, Hechter E, Sunyaev SR, Lander ES | title = The mystery of missing heritability: Genetic interactions create phantom heritability | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 4 | pages = 1193–8 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22223662 | pmc = 3268279 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1119675109 | bibcode = 2012PNAS..109.1193Z | doi-access = free }}</ref> There is also some empirical evidence that the additivity assumption is frequently violated in behavior genetic studies of adolescent intelligence and [[academic achievement]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Daw J, Guo G, Harris KM | title = Nurture net of nature: Re-evaluating the role of shared environments in academic achievement and verbal intelligence | journal = Social Science Research | volume = 52 | pages = 422–39 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26004471 | pmc = 4888873 | doi = 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.02.011 }}</ref>