Editing Herd immunity (section)

===Eradication of diseases===
[[File:Rinderpest milk fever.jpg|right|thumb|A cow with [[rinderpest]] in the "[[milk fever]]" position, 1982. The last confirmed case of rinderpest occurred in [[Kenya]] in 2001, and the disease was officially declared eradicated in 2011.]]

If herd immunity has been established and maintained in a population for a sufficient time, the disease is inevitably eliminated{{snd}}no more endemic transmissions occur.<ref name=ska/> If elimination is achieved worldwide and the number of cases is permanently reduced to zero, then a disease can be declared eradicated.<ref name=cliffsr/> [[Eradication of infectious diseases|Eradication]] can thus be considered the final effect or end-result of [[public health]] initiatives to control the spread of contagious disease.<ref name=cliffsr/><ref name=pmid21604922/> In cases in which herd immunity is compromised, on the contrary, disease outbreaks among the unvaccinated population are likely to occur.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alhumaid |first1=Saad |last2=Al Mutair |first2=Abbas |last3=Al Alawi |first3=Zainab |last4=Rabaan |first4=Ali A. |last5=Tirupathi |first5=Raghavendra |last6=Alomari |first6=Mohammed A. |last7=Alshakhes |first7=Aqeel S. |last8=Alshawi |first8=Abeer M. |last9=Ahmed |first9=Gasmelseed Y. |last10=Almusabeh |first10=Hassan M. |last11=Alghareeb |first11=Tariq T. |last12=Alghuwainem |first12=Abdulaziz A. |last13=Alsulaiman |first13=Zainab A. |last14=Alabdulmuhsin |first14=Mohammed A. |last15=AlBuwaidi |first15=Emad A. |last16=Dukhi |first16=Amjad K. Bu |last17=Mufti |first17=Hani N. |last18=Al-Qahtani |first18=Manaf |last19=Dhama |first19=Kuldeep |last20=Al-Tawfiq |first20=Jaffar A. |last21=Al-Omari |first21=Awad |title=Anaphylactic and nonanaphylactic reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology |date=December 2021 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=109 |doi=10.1186/s13223-021-00613-7|pmid=34656181 |pmc=8520206 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The benefits of eradication include ending all [[Disease#Morbidity|morbidity]] and mortality caused by the disease, financial savings for individuals, health care providers, and governments, and enabling resources used to control the disease to be used elsewhere.<ref name=cliffsr/> To date, two diseases have been eradicated using herd immunity and vaccination: [[rinderpest]] and [[smallpox]].<ref name=pmid21427399/><ref name=pmid21604922/><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Njeumi F, Taylor W, Diallo A, Miyagishima K, Pastoret PP, Vallat B, Traore M|title=The long journey: a brief review of the eradication of rinderpest|journal=Revue Scientifique et Technique|volume=31|issue=3|pages=729–46|date=December 2012|pmid=23520729|doi=10.20506/rst.31.3.2157|doi-access=free}}</ref> Eradication efforts that rely on herd immunity are currently underway for [[poliomyelitis]], though civil unrest and distrust of modern medicine have made this difficult.<ref name=pmid21427399/><ref name=pmid23760373>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smith KA|title=Smallpox: can we still learn from the journey to eradication?|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research|volume=137|issue=5|pages=895–9|date=May 2013|pmid=23760373|pmc=3734679}}</ref> [[vaccination policy|Mandatory vaccination]] may be beneficial to eradication efforts if not enough people choose to get vaccinated.<ref name=pmid19197342>{{cite journal|vauthors=Perisic A, Bauch CT|title=Social contact networks and disease eradicability under voluntary vaccination|journal=PLOS Computational Biology|volume=5|issue=2|pages=e1000280|date=February 2009|pmid=19197342|pmc=2625434|doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000280|bibcode=2009PLSCB...5E0280P |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=pmid20667876>{{cite journal|vauthors=Fu F, Rosenbloom DI, Wang L, Nowak MA|title=Imitation dynamics of vaccination behaviour on social networks|journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences|volume=278|issue=1702|pages=42–9|date=January 2011|pmid=20667876|pmc=2992723|doi=10.1098/rspb.2010.1107|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/8298847/Nowak_VaccinationDilemma.pdf?sequence=1|access-date=4 November 2018|archive-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170304/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/8298847/Nowak_VaccinationDilemma.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Wicker S, Maltezou HC|title=Vaccine-preventable diseases in Europe: where do we stand?|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|volume=13|issue=8|pages=979–87|date=August 2014|pmid=24958075|doi=10.1586/14760584.2014.933077|s2cid=23471069}}</ref><ref name=stubborn>{{cite book|vauthors=Fukuda E, Tanimoto J|year=2014|title=Impact of Stubborn Individuals on a Spread of Infectious Disease under Voluntary Vaccination Policy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZwvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|publisher=Springer|pages=1–10|isbn=978-3319133591|access-date=30 March 2015|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501053012/https://books.google.com/books?id=kZwvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|url-status=live}}</ref>