Editing Hepatitis C (section)

=== Extrahepatic complications ===
The most common problem due to {{nowrap|hepatitis C}} but not involving the liver is mixed [[cryoglobulinemia]] (usually the type II form) – an [[vasculitis|inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels]].<ref name=Cryo2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dammacco F, Sansonno D | title = Therapy for hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 369 | issue = 11 | pages = 1035–45 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 24024840 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1208642 | s2cid = 205116488 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Iannuzzella F, Vaglio A, Garini G | title = Management of hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 123 | issue = 5 | pages = 400–8 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20399313 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.09.038 }}</ref> {{nowrap|Hepatitis C}} is also associated with autoimmune disorders such as [[Sjögren's syndrome]], [[lichen planus]], [[thrombocytopenia|a low platelet count]], [[porphyria cutanea tarda]], [[necrolytic acral erythema]], [[insulin resistance]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[diabetic nephropathy]], autoimmune [[thyroiditis]], and B-cell [[lymphoproliferative disorder]]s.<ref name=Extrahepatic>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zignego AL, Ferri C, Pileri SA, Caini P, Bianchi FB | title = Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus infection: a general overview and guidelines for a clinical approach | journal = Digestive and Liver Disease | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–17 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 16884964 | doi = 10.1016/j.dld.2006.06.008 }}</ref><ref name=Ko2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ko HM, Hernandez-Prera JC, Zhu H, Dikman SH, Sidhu HK, Ward SC, Thung SN | title = Morphologic features of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection | journal = Clinical & Developmental Immunology | volume = 2012 | pages = 740138 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22919404 | pmc = 3420144 | doi = 10.1155/2012/740138 | doi-access = free }}</ref> 20–30% of people infected have [[rheumatoid factor]] – a type of antibody.<ref name=Dammacco2000>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dammacco F, Sansonno D, Piccoli C, Racanelli V, D'Amore FP, Lauletta G | title = The lymphoid system in hepatitis C virus infection: autoimmunity, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and Overt B-cell malignancy | journal = Seminars in Liver Disease | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–57 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10946420 | doi = 10.1055/s-2000-9613 | s2cid = 260318352 }}</ref> Possible associations include [[prurigo nodularis|Hyde's prurigo nodularis]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee MR, Shumack S | title = Prurigo nodularis: a review | journal = The Australasian Journal of Dermatology | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 211–18; quiz 219–20 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16197418 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2005.00187.x | s2cid = 30087432 }}</ref> and [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]].<ref name=ID2010 /> [[Cardiomyopathy]] with associated [[Heart arrhythmia|abnormal heart rhythms]] has also been reported.<ref name=Matsumori2006>{{cite book| vauthors = Matsumori A | chapter = Role of hepatitis C virus in cardiomyopathies.| title = Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop|volume=55|year=2006|issue=55|pages=99–120|pmid=16329660|doi=10.1007/3-540-30822-9_7|isbn=978-3-540-23971-0}}</ref> A variety of central and peripheral nervous system disorders has been reported.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moretti R, Giuffrè M, Merli N, Caruso P, Di Bella S, Tiribelli C, Crocè LS | title = Hepatitis C Virus-Related Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders | journal = Brain Sciences | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 1569 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34942871 | pmc = 8699483 | doi = 10.3390/brainsci11121569 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=Monaco2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Monaco S, Ferrari S, Gajofatto A, Zanusso G, Mariotto S | title = HCV-related nervous system disorders | journal = Clinical & Developmental Immunology | volume = 2012 | pages = 236148 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22899946 | pmc = 3414089 | doi = 10.1155/2012/236148 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Chronic infection seems to be associated with an increased risk of [[pancreatic cancer]].<ref name=Web2015 /><ref name=Xu2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu JH, Fu JJ, Wang XL, Zhu JY, Ye XH, Chen SD | title = Hepatitis B or C viral infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 19 | issue = 26 | pages = 4234–41 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23864789 | pmc = 3710428 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v19.i26.4234 | doi-access = free }}</ref> People may experience other issues in the mouth such as [[xerostomia|dryness]], [[sialadenitis|salivary duct stones]], and crusted lesions around the mouth.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lodi G, Porter SR, Scully C | title = Hepatitis C virus infection: Review and implications for the dentist | journal = Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics | volume = 86 | issue = 1 | pages = 8–22 | date = July 1998 | pmid = 9690239 | doi = 10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90143-3 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.852.7880 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carrozzo M, Gandolfo S | title = Oral diseases possibly associated with hepatitis C virus | journal = Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 115–27 | date = 2003-03-01 | pmid = 12764074 | doi = 10.1177/154411130301400205 | doi-access =  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient|url=https://archive.org/details/littlefalacesden00msja_927|url-access=limited|year=2013|isbn=978-0323080286|page=[https://archive.org/details/littlefalacesden00msja_927/page/n267 151]| vauthors = Little JW, Falace DA, Miller C, Rhodus NL|publisher=Elsevier Science Health Science Division }}</ref>