Editing Henry Bessemer (section)

===Implementation===
Bessemer licensed the patent for his process to five [[ironmaster]]s, but from the outset, the companies had great difficulty producing good-quality steel.{{sfn|Bessemer|1905|p=172}} Mr [[Göran Fredrik Göransson]], a Swedish ironmaster, using the purer charcoal [[pig iron]] of that country, was the first to make good steel by the process, but only after many attempts. His results prompted Bessemer to try a purer iron obtained from [[Cumberland]] [[hematite]], but even with this he had only limited success<ref name=EB1911/> because the quantity of carbon was difficult to control. [[Robert Forester Mushet]] had carried out thousands of experiments at [[Darkhill Ironworks]], in the [[Forest of Dean]], and had shown that the quantity of carbon could be controlled by removing almost all of it from the iron and then adding an exact amount of [[carbon]] and [[manganese]], in the form of [[spiegeleisen]]. This improved the quality of the finished product and increased its malleability.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Mushet, Robert Forester}}</ref><ref name="fweb.org.uk">[http://www.fweb.org.uk/Dean/towns/colefordproject/people/mushet.html Coleford, Towns in the Forest Of Dean ForestWeb (fweb) – Virtual guide to the Royal Forest Of Dean] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822112307/http://www.fweb.org.uk/Dean/towns/colefordproject/people/mushet.html |date=22 August 2012 }}. fweb. Retrieved on 1 July 2015.</ref>{{sfn|Anstis|1997}}

When Bessemer tried to induce makers to take up his improved system, he met with general rebuffs and was eventually driven to undertake the exploitation of the process himself. He erected steelworks in [[Sheffield]] in a business partnership with others, such as [[W & J Galloway & Sons]], and began to manufacture steel. At first the output was insignificant, but gradually the magnitude of the operations was enlarged until the competition became effective, and steel traders generally became aware that the firm of Henry Bessemer & Co. was underselling them to the extent of UK£10–£15 a ton. This argument to the pocket quickly had its effect, and licences were applied for in such numbers that, in royalties for the use of his process, Bessemer received a sum in all considerably exceeding a million pounds sterling.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Bessemer, Sir Henry|volume=3|page=823|inline=1}}</ref>

However Mushet received nothing and by 1866 was destitute and in ill health. In that year his 16-year-old daughter, Mary, travelled to London alone, to confront Bessemer at his offices, arguing that his success was based on the results of her father's work.{{sfn|Bessemer|1905}} Bessemer decided to pay Mushet an annual pension of £300, a very considerable sum, which he paid for over 20 years, possibly with a view to keeping the Mushets from legal action.{{sfn|Bessemer|1905}}

Bessemer also had works in [[Greenwich]], London, adjacent to the River Thames, from about 1865.<ref name="Mills-Aug2009">{{cite news |last1=Mills |first1=Mary |title=Bessemer in Greenwich |url=https://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.com/2009/08/bessemer-in-greenwich.html |access-date=19 January 2021 |work=Greenwich Industrial History |date=8 August 2009}}</ref>

W.&nbsp;M. Lord has said with regard to this success that "Sir Henry Bessemer was somewhat exceptional. He had developed his process from an idea to a practical reality in his own lifetime and he was sufficiently of a businessman to have profited by it. In so many cases, inventions were not developed quickly and the plums went to other persons than the inventors."{{sfn|Lord|1945}}