Editing Hazard (game) (section)

==Etymology and history==
The name "hazard" is borrowed from [[Old French]]. The origin of the French word is unclear,<ref name="oed">{{cite web
  | title = Hazard
  | work = Oxford English Dictionary
  | url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50103479
  | access-date = 11 August 2009}}</ref> but probably derives from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''azar'' ("an unfortunate card or dice roll"), with the final -d by analogy with the common French suffix ''-ard''.<ref name="oed"/><ref name="etymonline">{{cite web
  | title = Hazard
  | work = Online Etymological Dictionary
  | url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hazard
  | access-date = 11 August 2009}}</ref> The Spanish word has been supposed in turn to come from [[Arabic]], either from the name of a castle in Palestine,<ref name="oed"/> or from the word ''az-zahr'' (الزهر) meaning "dice".<ref name="oed"/><ref name="etymonline"/> However, early evidence for this word in Arabic is lacking, as it is absent from Classical Arabic dictionaries, making the etymology doubtful (although any other source is unknown).<ref name="oed"/><ref name="etymonline"/> Another possibility is Arabic ''yasara'' ("he played at dice").<ref name="etymonline"/>

According to [[William of Tyre]], the game was invented by Crusaders during the [[Battle of Azaz (1125)|siege of Hazart]] ([[Azaz]]), but this origin has been called into question.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|32–33}} The game was popular in 17th century England, as described by [[Charles Cotton]] in ''[[The Compleat Gamester]]'' (1674): "Certainly ''Hazzard'' is the most bewitching Game that is plaid on the Dice; for when a man begins to play he knows not when to leave off; and having once accustom'd himself to play at ''Hazzard'' he hardly ever after minds anything else."<ref name=CG-74>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/ |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1674/page/168/mode/2up |title=The Compleat Gamester |chapter=XXX. Of HAZZARD |first=Charles |last=Cotton |author-link=Charles Cotton |date=1674 |pages=168–173}}</ref>{{rp|172}} By that time, the game had already been brought to the [[Colony of Virginia]], as a law barring ministers from playing dice was passed in 1624.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|35}} The rules including relative odds for side wagers were largely complete by 1790, as published in ''Hoyle's Games, Improved''.<ref name=Hoyle94/>{{rp|237}}

It was brought to France some time before 1792, when it was described in the ''[[Encyclopédie Méthodique]]'' as ''Krabs'', after the English term crabs, referring to the roll combination of 2 or 3.<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|35}}<ref name=Hoyle94>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/ |title=Hoyle's Games Improved |first1=Edmond |last1=Hoyle |author1-link=Edmond Hoyle |first2=Charles |last2=Jones |date=1790 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_hoyles-games-improved-_hoyle-edmond_1790/page/236/mode/2up |chapter=The GAME of HAZARD |pages=237–240}}</ref>{{rp|238}} This was corrupted to ''[[craps]]'' by 1818, as it was named in ''Bibliothèque Historique'',<ref name=Scarne74/>{{rp|35}} although the rules of that game described at that time were identical to those of Hazard.