Editing Harrow (tool) (section)

==Historical reference==
[[File:Ex-libris Schäftlarn 01.jpg|thumb|Spike harrow depicted on a 16th-century German coat-of-arms]]

In [[Europe]], harrows were used in antiquity<ref>*{{Citation | last = White | first = K. D. | title = Agricultural Implements of the Roman World | year = 1967 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | pages = 146ff}}</ref> and the [[Middle Ages]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Medieval Machine|page=53|author=Jean Gimpel|author-link=Jean Gimpel}}</ref> 
	
In China, the rake had appeared by the [[Han dynasty]] (202 BC – 220 AD). The rake developed into other implements such as the harrow by the end of the Han dynasty. Two kinds of tined harrows were known during the Han dynasty, the flat harrow known as the ''pa'', which was used throughout China in both wet and dry fields, and the vertical harrow known as the ''chao'', which was only used in wet rice fields in the south. The ''pa'' is depicted three times in the murals of [[Jiayuguan City|Jiayuguan]] dating to the Wei-Jin period (220-316) while the earliest known representation of the ''chao'' is a pottery model from a grave in [[Guangdong]] dated between 310 and 312.{{sfn|Bray|1984|p=223}} The harrow was mentioned in the Chinese agricultural text ''[[Qimin Yaoshu]]'' (Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People) written by the [[Northern Wei]] (386–535) official Jia Sixie. The harrow was used as a farm implement for breaking up soil chunks as well as eradicating weeds, suppressing pests, and diseases. The text describes the harrow as an iron-teeth rake that could take the form of a strip, Y-shape, or square. Most of the Wei and Jin harrows were strip shaped. Another type of harrow replaced the iron teeth with canes and brambles.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A History of Chinese Science and Technology |last=Lu |first=Yongxing |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3662513897 |volume=1 |pages=366}}</ref>