Editing Halotolerance (section)

==Fungal halotolerance==
[[Fungi]] from habitats with high concentration of salt are mostly halotolerant (i.e. they do not require salt for growth) and not halophilic. Halophilic fungi are a rare exception.<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Gostinčar | first1 = C. 
| last2 = Grube | first2 = M. 
| last3 = De Hoog | first3 = S. 
| last4 = Zalar | first4 = P. 
| last5 = Gunde-Cimerman | first5 = N. 
| title = Extremotolerance in fungi: Evolution on the edge 
| doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00794.x 
| journal = FEMS Microbiology Ecology 
| volume = 71 
| issue = 1 
| pages = 2–11 
| year = 2010 
| pmid = 19878320 
| doi-access = free 
}}</ref> Halotolerant fungi constitute a relatively large and constant part of hypersaline environment communities, such as those in the [[Saltern|solar salterns]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Zajc | first1 = J. | last2 = Zalar | first2 = P. | last3 = Plemenitaš | first3 = A. | last4 = Gunde-Cimerman | first4 = N. | doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_7 | chapter = The Mycobiota of the Salterns | title = Biology of Marine Fungi | series = Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology | volume = 53 | pages = 133–158 | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-3-642-23341-8 | pmid = 22222830 }}</ref> Well studied examples include the yeast ''[[Debaryomyces hansenii]] ''and [[black yeast]]s ''[[Aureobasidium pullulans]]'' and ''[[Hortaea werneckii]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gunde-Cimerman | first1 = N. | last2 = Ramos | first2 = J. | last3 = Plemenitaš | first3 = A. | doi = 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.002 | title = Halotolerant and halophilic fungi | journal = Mycological Research | volume = 113 | issue = 11 | pages = 1231–1241 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19747974 }}</ref> The latter can grow in media without salt, as well as in almost saturated [[NaCl]] solutions. To emphasize this unusually wide [[adaptability]], some authors describe ''H. werneckii ''as "extremely halotolerant".<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Gostinčar | first1 = C. | last2 = Lenassi | first2 = M. | last3 = Gunde-Cimerman | first3 = N. | last4 = Plemenitaš | first4 = A. | title = Fungal Adaptation to Extremely High Salt Concentrations | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-387044-5.00003-0 | series = Advances in Applied Microbiology | volume = 77 | pages = 71–96 | year = 2011 | isbn = 9780123870445 | pmid = 22050822 }}</ref>