Editing Hadad (section)

==Hadad in Aram and ancient Israel==
{{Religious text primary|section|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Colossal statue of God Hadad, from Gerdshin near Sam'al, 775 BCE, Pergamon Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Hadad Statue|Colossal statue of Hadad]], from Gerdshin near Sam'al, 775 BCE, Pergamon Museum]]
In the second millennium BCE, the king of [[Yamhad]] or Halab (modern [[Aleppo]]), who claimed to be "beloved of Hadad", received the tribute of statue of [[Ishtar]] from the king of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], to be displayed in the temple of Hadad in Halab Citadel.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xno9AgAAQBAJ&q=Temple+of+Hadad+in+Aleppo+Citadel&pg=PA111|title= Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History|author= Trevor Bryce|page= 111|isbn= 9780199646678|date= March 2014|publisher= OUP Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hM8UAAAAIAAJ&q=yamhad+godse&pg=PA67|title= The Conflict Between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion|author= Ulf Oldenburg|page=67}}</ref> Hadad is called "the god of [[Aleppo]]" on a stele of the Assyrian king [[Shalmaneser I]].

The element ''Hadad'' appears in a number of theophoric names borne by kings of the region. Hadad son of Bedad, who defeated the Midianites in Moab, was the fourth king of Edom. [[Hadadezer]] ("Hadad-is-help") was the [[Aramean]] king defeated by [[David]]. Later Aramean kings of [[Damascus]] seem to have habitually assumed the title of Ben-Hadad (son of Hadad). One was [[Ben-Hadad I|Ben-Hadad]], the king of Aram whom the [[Kingdom of Judah|Judean]] king [[Asa of Judah|Asa]] sent to invade the northern [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]].<ref>{{bibleverse|1Kings|15:18}}</ref> A votive basalt stele from the 9th or 8th century, BCE found in Bredsh north of Aleppo, is dedicated to [[Melqart]] and bears the name Ben-Hadad, king of Aram.<ref>National Museum, Aleppo, accession number KAI 201.</ref> The seventh of the twelve sons of Ishmael is also named Hadad.

A set of related bynames include  Aramaic {{Transliteration|arc|rmn}}, Old South Arabic {{Transliteration|ar|rmn}}, Hebrew {{Transliteration|hbo|rmwn}}, and Akkadian {{Transliteration|akk|Rammānu}} ("Thunderer"), presumably originally vocalized as ''Ramān'' in Aramaic and Hebrew. The Hebrew spelling {{Transliteration|hbo|rmwn}} with Masoretic vocalization ''Rimmôn''<ref>{{bibleverse|2Kings|5:18}}</ref> is identical with the Hebrew word meaning '[[pomegranate]]' and may be an intentional misspelling and/or parody of the deity's original name.<ref>See {{cite book |last=Klein |first=Reuven Chaim |year=2018 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dx9xDwAAQBAJ |title=God versus Gods: Judasim in the Age of Idolatry |publisher=Mosaica Press|pages=351–354 |isbn= 978-1946351463 |ol=27322748M}}</ref>

[[File:IMJ view 20130115 202912.jpg|thumb|A stele from [[Bethsaida]] (et-Tell) depicting a Canaanite deity, possibly Hadad. On display at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.<ref>Stefan Jakob Wimmer 2011, [https://www.academia.edu/35088814/ Eine Mondgottstele aus et-Turra/Jordanien.] Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins ZDPV 127/2, 2011, 135-141 - academia.edu</ref>]]

The word ''Hadad-rimmon'' (or ''Hadar-rimmon'') in the phrase "the mourning of (or at) [[List of minor biblical places#Hadad-Rimmon|Hadad-rimmon]]",<ref>{{bibleverse|Zechariah|12:11}}</ref> has aroused much discussion. According to [[Jerome]] and the older Christian interpreters, the mourning is for something that occurred at a place called Hadad-rimmon (''[[Maximianopolis (Palestine)|Maximianopolis]]'') in the valley of [[Megiddo (place)|Megiddo]]. This event was generally held to be the death of [[Josiah]] (or, as in the [[Targum]], the death of [[Ahab]] at the hands of Hadadrimmon). But even before the discovery of the Ugaritic texts, some suspected that Hadad-rimmon might be a [[dying-and-rising god]] like [[Adonis]] or [[Tammuz (deity)|Tammuz]], perhaps even the same as Tammuz, and the allusion could then be to mournings for Hadad such as those of Adonis festivals.<ref>Hitzig on {{bibleverse|Zechariah|12:2}}, {{bibleverse|Isaiah|17:8}}; Movers, ''Phonizier'', 1.196.</ref> T. K. Cheyne pointed out that the [[Septuagint]] reads simply Rimmon, and argues that this may be a corruption of Migdon (Megiddo) and ultimately of Tammuz-Adon. He would render the verse, "In that day there shall be a great mourning in [[Jerusalem]], as the mourning of the women who weep for Tammuz-Adon" (''Adon'' means "lord").<ref>T. K. Cheyne (1903), ''[[Encyclopædia Biblica]]'' '''IV''' "Rimmon".</ref> No further evidence has come to light to resolve such speculations.

In the [[Books of Kings]], [[Jezebel]] – the wife of the Northern [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israelite]] King [[Ahab]] promoted the cult of Ba'al in her adopted nation. [[John Day (Old Testament scholar)|John Day]] argues that Jezebel's Baʿal was possibly [[Baʿal Shamem]] (Lord of the Heavens), a title most often applied to Hadad.{{sfnp|Day|2000|p=75}}