Editing Guttural (section)

===Examples of partial usage===
In [[French language|French]], the only truly guttural sound is (usually) a [[Voiced uvular fricative|uvular fricative]] (or the [[guttural R]]). In [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], {{IPA|[ʁ]}} is becoming dominant in urban areas. There is also a realization as a {{IPA|[χ]}}, and the original pronunciation as an {{IPA|[r]}} also remains very common in various dialects.

In [[Russian language|Russian]], {{IPA|/x/}} is assimilated to the [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalization]] of the following velar consonant: лёгких {{Audio-IPA|Ru-лёгких.ogg|[ˈlʲɵxʲkʲɪx]}}. It also has a voiced [[allophone]] {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, which occurs before voiced obstruents.<ref>{{cite book|last=Аванесов|first=Р. И.|title=Русское литературное произношение|year=1984|publisher=Просвещение|location=М.|pages=145–167}}</ref> In [[Romanian language|Romanian]], {{IPA|/h/}} becomes the velar {{IPA|[x]}} in word-final positions (''duh'' 'spirit') and before consonants (''hrean'' 'horseradish').<ref name="draghici">{{cite web|author=Ovidiu Drăghici|title=Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie|url=http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/litere/idd/cursuri/an_1/limba_rom_cont/lrc_an1_draghici.pdf|access-date=April 19, 2013}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In [[Czech language|Czech]], the phoneme {{IPA|/x/}} followed by a voiced obstruent can be realized as either {{IPA|[ɦ]}} or {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, e.g. ''aby'''ch''' byl'' {{Audio-IPA|help=no|cs-abych byl.ogg|[abɪɣ.bɪl]}}.<ref>Kučera, H. (1961). The Phonology of Czech. s’ Gravenhage: Mouton & Co.</ref>

In [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], the consonant phoneme {{IPA|/k/}} has a uvular realisation ({{IPA|[q]}}) in back vowel contexts. In front-vowel environments, {{IPA|/ɡ/}} is fricativised between continuants to {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, and in back vowel environments both {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} fricativise to {{IPA|[χ]}} and {{IPA|[ʁ]}} respectively.<ref>Кызласов И. Л., ''Рунические письменности евразийских степей'' (Kyzlasov I.L. ''Runic scripts of Eurasian steppes''), Восточная литература (Eastern Literature), Moscow, 1994, pp. 80 on, {{ISBN|5-02-017741-5}}, with further bibliography.</ref> In [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], the phoneme {{IPA|/ʁ/}} occurs with a back vowel. In the [[Mongolian language]], {{IPA|/x/}} is usually followed by {{IPA|/ŋ/}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/LWPL/article/viewFile/2341/1916|title=Vowels in Mongolian speech: deletions and epenthesis |author=Anastasia Mukhanova Karlsson |access-date=2014-07-26}}</ref>

The [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] and [[Juu languages|Juu]] (Khoisan) languages of southern Africa have large numbers of guttural vowels. These sounds share certain phonological behaviors that warrant the use of a term specifically for them. There are scattered reports of pharyngeals elsewhere, such as in the [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]], [[Tama language]].

In [[Swabian German]], a pharyngeal approximant {{IPAblink|ʕ}} is an [[allophone]] of {{IPA|/ʁ/}} in [[Syllable#Nucleus|nucleus]] and [[Syllable#Coda|coda]] positions.<ref name="Hiller">{{cite web|title=Pharyngeals and "lax" vowel quality|author=Markus Hiller|publisher=Institut für Deutsche Sprache|place=Mannheim|url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/linguistics/assets/documents/MarcusHiller.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010540/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/linguistics/assets/documents/MarcusHiller.pdf|archive-date=2014-05-28}}</ref> In [[Syllable#Onset|onsets]], it is pronounced as a [[uvular approximant]].<ref name="Hiller"/> In [[Danish language|Danish]], {{IPA|/ʁ/}} may have slight [[frication]], and, according to {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996}}, it may be a pharyngeal approximant {{IPAblink|ʕ}}.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=323}}</ref> In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], a weak pharyngeal fricative is the realization of {{IPA|/h/}} after the vowels {{IPA|/ɑ/}} or {{IPA|/æ/}} in syllable-coda position, e.g. ''tähti'' {{IPA|[tæħti]}} 'star'.