Editing Guadalajara, Spain (section)

=== Rule of the Mendozas ===

[[File:1004 03 Guadalajara-Palacio Infantes (11).JPG|thumb|right|[[Isabelline style]] [[Palacio del Infantado]] (15th century)]]
Traditionally a ''{{ill|realengo (type of town)|es|realengo|lt=realengo}}'' ('royal demesne') town, with a vote in the Cortes of Castile, the town came under the influence of the powerful [[House of Mendoza|Mendoza family]] until well into the Early Modern period.{{Sfn|Ortego Rico|2008|p=280}} Despite the former meddling that underpinned the political control of the city, Guadalajara was not enshrined as formal seigneurial jurisdiction of the Mendozas in a legal sense.{{Sfn|Ortego Rico|2008|p=280}} The family included [[Íñigo López de Mendoza]], also known as Marqués de [[Santillana del Mar|Santillana]] (1398–1458), and [[Pedro González de Mendoza]] (1428–1495), Great Cardinal of Spain and adviser of the [[Catholic Monarchs]].{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The Mendoza family held the title of Dukes and Duchesses of [[El Infantado]] from 1475. On 25 March 1460, [[Henry IV of Castile|Henry IV]] granted Guadalajara the status of 'City'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guadalajara.es/es/reproduccion-y-transcripcion-del-documento-original.html|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara|title=Título de ciudad a favor de Guadalajara}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In this period, the Mendoza Family ordered the building of El Palacio del Infantado as their main residence. It was completed in the early 1480s and it is considered by many the oldest surviving building built in a pure Renaissance style outside Italy.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The city's economy prospered thanks to the development of a specialised artisanate and a bustling trade.{{Sfn|Villaverde Sastre|1996|p=12}}

In the early 16th century, the city was one of the main focal points of the ''iluminismo'' (or ''[[alumbrados]]'') in the [[Castilian Kingdom of Toledo|Kingdom of Toledo]],{{Sfn|Santiago Otero|1955|p=624}} linked to heterodox religious figures such as [[Isabel de la Cruz]] and [[María de Cazalla]].

In the context of the [[Revolt of the Comuneros]] across the Crown of Castile, the ''comunero'' rebels in Guadalajara, as early as 5 June 1520, asked the Duke of the Infantado, [[Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Duke of the Infantado|Diego Hurtado de Mendoza]], to join the anti-imperial revolt.<ref name=belinchon /> The demonstrators lit the houses of the ''[[Procurador en Cortes (Spain)|procurators]]'' who went to the Cortes of La Coruña to vote in favour of the taxes and obligations levied by Emperor [[Charles I of Spain|Charles V]].<ref name=belinchon /> The Duke of Infantado played a cautious waiting game to see which side would win, finally choosing to endorse the Emperor in 1521. He ordered the beheading of the local leaders of the insurgency and the deportation of his own son and successor [[Íñigo López de Mendoza, 4th Duke of the Infantado|Íñigo López de Mendoza]], who had leaned towards the ''comunero'' cause.<ref name=belinchon>{{Cite web|url=https://nuevaalcarria.com/articulos/los-comuneros-de-guadalajara|first=José|last=Serrano Belinchón|date=10 November 2019|website=Nueva Alcarria|title=Los comuneros de Guadalajara}}</ref>

By 1591, the city had a population of 6,754.{{Sfn|Velasco Sánchez|2008|p=183}}

[[File:Anthonis van den Wijngaerde (1565) Guadalajara.png|thumb|upright=3.3|center|Drawing of Guadalajara in the 1560s, by [[Anton van den Wyngaerde]]. The view, from the North, visibly features the [[Bridge of Henares (Guadalajara)|Bridge over the Henares]], then a turreted bridge.]]