Editing Green anarchism (section)

===Development===
Green anarchism first emerged after the dawn of the [[Atomic Age]], as increasingly [[centralized government]]s brought with them a new host of [[environmental issues|environmental]] and [[social issue]]s.{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=281-282}} During the 1960s, the rise of the [[environmental movement]] coincided with a concurrent revival of interest in anarchism, leading to anarchists having a considerable influence on the development of [[Radical environmentalism|radical environmentalist thought]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Carter|1y=2002|1p=13|2a1=Curran|2y=2004|2p=40}} Principles and practices that already formed the core of anarchist philosophy, from [[direct action]] to [[community organizing]], thus became foundational to radical environmentalism.{{Sfn|Curran|2004|pp=40-41}} As the threats presented by [[environmental degradation]], [[industrial agriculture]] and [[pollution]] became more urgent, the first green anarchists turned to [[decentralisation]] and [[Biodiversity|diversity]] as solutions for [[socio-ecological system]]s.{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=282}}

[[File:Murray_Bookchin.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Portrait photograph of Murray Bookchin|[[Murray Bookchin]], a founding figure of green anarchism and the chief proponent of [[social ecology (Bookchin)|social ecology]]]]
Green anarchism as a tendency was first developed by the American social anarchist [[Murray Bookchin]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Curran|1y=2004|1p=41|2a1=Gordon|2y=2009|2p=1|3a1=Price|3y=2019|3p=282|4a1=Ward|4y=2004|4p=93}} Bookchin had already began addressing the problem of environmental degradation as far back as the 1950s.{{Sfnm|1a1=Price|1y=2019|1p=282|2a1=Ward|2y=2004|2p=93}} In 1962, he published the first major modern work of [[environmentalism]], ''[[Our Synthetic Environment]]'', which warned of the ecological dangers of [[pesticide application]].{{Sfn|Parson|2018|p=221}} Over the subsequent decades, Bookchin developed the first theory of green anarchism, [[social ecology (Bookchin)|social ecology]],{{Sfnm|1a1=Parson|1y=2018|1p=221|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=282}} which presented social [[hierarchy]] as the root of ecological problems.{{Sfnm|1a1=Curran|1y=2004|1p=41|2a1=Gordon|2y=2009|2p=1|3a1=Parson|3y=2018|3p=221|4a1=Price|4y=2019|4p=282}}

In 1973, Norwegian philosopher [[Arne Næss]] developed another green anarchist tendency, known as [[deep ecology]], which rejected of [[anthropocentrism]] in favour of [[Biocentrism (ethics)|biocentrism]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|p=287}} In 1985, this philosophy was developed into a political programme by the American academics [[Bill Devall]] and [[George Sessions]], while Australian philosopher [[Warwick Fox]] proposed the formation of [[bioregion]]s as a green anarchist alternative to the [[nation state]].{{Sfn|Price|2019|pp=287-288}} 

Following on from deep ecology,{{Sfnm|1a1=Parson|1y=2018|1pp=223-224|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=289}} the next major development in green anarchist philosophy was the articulation of [[anarcho-primitivism]], which was critical of [[agriculture]], [[technology]] and [[civilisation]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Gordon|1y=2009|1pp=1-2|2a1=Parson|2y=2018|2pp=223-224|3a1=Price|3y=2019|3p=289}} First developed in the pages of the American anarchist magazine ''[[Fifth Estate (periodical)|Fifth Estate]]'' during the mid-1980s, anarcho-primitivist theory was developed by [[Fredy Perlman]], David Watson,{{Sfn|Gordon|2009|pp=1-2}} and particularly [[John Zerzan]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Gordon|1y=2009|1pp=1-2|2a1=Price|2y=2019|2p=289}} It was later taken up by the American periodical ''Green Anarchy'' and British periodical ''[[Green Anarchist]]'',{{Sfn|Gordon|2009|pp=1-2}} and partly inspired groups such as the [[Animal Liberation Front]] (ALF), [[Earth Liberation Front]] (ELF) and [[Individualists Tending to the Wild]] (ITS).{{Sfn|Parson|2018|pp=223-224}}