Editing Grand duchy (section)

==List==
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Prior to the [[Napoleonic Wars]], only two grand duchies were recognized in Europe. Both were in Italy, the first, Tuscany, was elevated to that status by a [[papal bull]] while the second, Savoy, was elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor:

* [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] (1569–1860, absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy afterwards)
* [[Savoyard state|Grand Duchy of Savoy]] (1696–1847, [[Perfect Fusion|fused]] into the greater Kingdom of Sardinia, which was later absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy)

Other states whose names are translated as "grand duchy" in English were, properly, [[grand principality|grand principalities]]:

* [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Ruthenian: Великое князство Литовське; established {{circa|1183}}/1236, in personal union with the Kingdom of Poland in 1386–1401, 1447–1492, and 1501–1795)
* [[Kievan Rus'|Grand Duchy of Kiev]] or Kievan Rus' (Ruthenian: Вели́ке Кня́зівство Київське; 882–1240)
* Grand Duchy of Rus' (Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Руське; intended to be a part of [[Treaty of Hadiach|Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth]]) 
* [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] ({{langx|fi|Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta|link=no}}, {{langx|sv|Storfurstendömet Finland|link=no}}, {{langx|ru|Великое Княжество Финляндское|link=no}}; raised from [[Duke of Finland|duchy status]], from {{circa|1580}} to 1809 as part of the [[Swedish Empire]]; conquered by the Russian Empire and held 1809–1917 in personal union with the Russian Empire; later became a fully independent Republic of Finland in 1917)
* [[Grand Principality of Smalensk|Grand Principality of Smolensk]] (Belarusian: Вялікае Княства Смаленскае; Principality of Kievan Rus', raised from duchy status)
* [[Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867)|Grand Principality of Transylvania]] (1765–1867) a realm of the Hungarian Crown and after 1804 an Austrian crown land.
* [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] (Russian: {{lang|ru|Великое Княжество Московское}})
* [[Grand Duchy of Ryazan]] (Russian: {{lang|ru|Великое Княжество Рязанское}})
*

The Napoleonic Wars saw several minor ducal titles so elevated, and between then and [[World War I]] there were many grand duchies in Europe. Some were created in the [[Napoleonic]] era, others were recognized by the [[Congress of Vienna]] and were founding members of the [[German Confederation]].

* [[Grand Duchy of Berg]] (1806–1813, absorbed into [[Prussia]] afterwards)
* [[Grand Duchy of Würzburg]] (1806–1814, absorbed into [[Bavaria]] afterwards)
* [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] (1806–1918, joined the [[German Empire]] in 1871)
* [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]] (1806–1918, joined the German Empire in 1871)
* Grand Duchy of [[Fulda#18th and 19th centuries|Fulda]] (1816–1866) part of the [[Electorate of Hesse]], annexed by Prussia 1866)
* [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt]] (1810–1813, part of several German states afterwards)
* [[Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine]] (1815–1822 as part of Prussia)
* [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]] (from 1815 in personal union with the Netherlands until 1890. Extant independently)
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1815–1918, joined the German Empire in 1871)
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (1815–1918, joined the German Empire in 1871)
* [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] (1815–1848 as a ''de facto'' part of Prussia (nominally ruled in a personal union), {{lang|de|Großherzogtum Posen}})
* [[Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] (1815–1918, joined the German Empire in 1871)
* [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg]] (1829–1918, joined the [[German Empire]] in 1871)
* [[Grand Duchy of Cracow]] (1846–1918 nominally a separate Austrian crown land, administered as part of [[Galicia and Lodomeria]], {{lang|de|Großherzogtum Krakau}})

The term "grand duchy" is often, but incorrectly, used in reference to [[Warsaw]] between 1807 and 1813, which was in fact the [[Duchy of Warsaw]].