Editing Grand Forks, North Dakota (section)

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Grand Forks, North Dakota}}

Due to its location in the [[Great Plains]] and its distance from both mountains and oceans, Grand Forks has a [[warm-summer humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb''),<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson, B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |issn=1027-5606 |access-date=May 19, 2015 |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229181440/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref> USDA [[Hardiness zone|Plant Hardiness Zone]] 4a.<ref name=USDA>{{cite map |url= http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |title= USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |publisher= United States Department of Agriculture |access-date= May 10, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date= February 27, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> It has four very distinct seasons and great variation in temperatures over very short periods of time. Its location in the flat Red River Valley makes the city susceptible to spring flooding from the Red River of the North, and year-round windy conditions.

As there are no nearby mountain ranges or bodies of water to ameliorate the climatic conditions, Grand Forks lies exposed to numerous weather systems, including bitterly cold Arctic high pressure systems. The city has long, very cold, and snowy winters. Summers are often warm to hot and often quite humid with frequent thunderstorms. Although warm weather normally ends soon after [[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]], a few warm days sometimes occur as late as October. Spring and autumn are short and highly variable seasons. Record temperature extremes range from {{convert|-43|F|0}} on January 11, 1912, to {{convert|109|F|0}} on July 12, 1936.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.crh.noaa.gov/fgf/scripts/localdata.php?loc=appcli&data=fgfclmyer |title= THE GRAND FORKS UNIV. (NWS) CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR OF 2011 |publisher= National Weather Service |access-date= October 30, 2012 |archive-date= April 29, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130429044208/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/fgf/scripts/localdata.php?loc=appcli&data=fgfclmyer |url-status= live }}</ref>

The daily mean temperatures of the Grand Forks winters are associated with subarctic climates with frequent subzero temperatures. Due to the extended warm period of daily means above {{convert|50|F|C}} from May to September, the city's climate is still classified within the warm-summer humid continental temperature range. Although its summers are warm, Grand Forks has experienced subfreezing temperatures in all 12 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=575727&cityname=Grand-Forks-North-Dakota-United-States-of-America|title=Grand Forks North Dakota Temperature Averages|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=January 29, 2015|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113153233/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=575727&cityname=Grand-Forks-North-Dakota-United-States-of-America|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Grand Forks, North Dakota weatherbox}}