Editing Gram-negative bacteria (section)

=== Example species ===
The [[proteobacteria]] are a major superphylum of gram-negative bacteria, including ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', ''[[Salmonella]]'', ''[[Shigella]]'', and other [[Enterobacteriaceae]], ''[[Pseudomonas]]'', ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis|Moraxella]]'', ''[[Helicobacter]]'', ''[[Stenotrophomonas]]'', ''[[Bdellovibrio]]'', [[acetic acid bacteria]], ''[[Legionella]]'' etc. Other notable groups of gram-negative bacteria include the [[cyanobacteria]], [[spirochaete]]s, and [[green sulfur bacteria]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Castenholz |first=Richard W. |title=General Characteristics of the Cyanobacteria |date=2015 |work=Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria |pages=1–23 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00019 |access-date=2025-01-25 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00019 |isbn=978-1-118-96060-8}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Cole |first=John R. |title=5 - Spirochetes |date=1990-01-01 |work=Diagnostic Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology (Fifth Edition) |pages=41–60 |editor-last=Carter |editor-first=G. R. |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780121617752500098 |access-date=2025-01-25 |place=San Diego |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-161775-2.50009-8 |isbn=978-0-12-161775-2 |editor2-last=Cole |editor2-first=John R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Thomas M. |title=Encyclopedia of Microbiology |date=2019 |publisher=Elsevier Science & Technology |isbn=978-0-12-811737-8 |edition=4th |location=San Diego |pages=527–537}}</ref>

Medically-relevant gram-negative [[diplococci]] include the four types that cause a [[sexually transmitted disease]] (''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]''<ref name=Yeshanew_2018>{{cite journal |last1=Yeshanew |first1=Addisu Gize |last2=Geremew |first2=Rozina Ambachew |date=2018-07-17 |title=MNeisseria Gonorrhoae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among symptomatic patients from Gondar town, north West Ethiopia |journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control |volume=7 |issue=85 |page=85 |doi=10.1186/s13756-018-0376-3 |doi-access=free |pmid=30026943 |pmc=6050735 }}</ref>), a [[meningitis]] (''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]''<ref name="CDC 2018 y478">{{cite web | title=Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Manual | website=CDC | date=April 3, 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/chpt08-mening.html | access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>), and respiratory symptoms (''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'',<ref name=Verduin_2002>{{cite journal |last1=Verduin |first1=Cees M. |last2=Hol |first2=Cees |last3=Fleer |first3=Andre |last4=van Dijk |first4=Hans |last5=van Belkum |first5=Alex |date=January 2002 |title=Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen |journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=125–144 |doi=10.1128/CMR.15.1.125-144.2002 |pmid=11781271 |pmc=118065 }}</ref> A [[coccobacillus]] ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' is another medically relevant coccal type.<ref name="CDC 2018 b143">{{cite web | title=For Clinicians: Haemophilus influenzae | website=CDC | date=February 13, 2018 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/hi-disease/clinicians.html#:~:text=Haemophilus%20influenzae%20is%20a%20pleomorphic,that%20have%20distinct%20capsular%20polysaccharides. | access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>

Medically relevant gram-negative [[bacillus (shape)|bacilli]] include a multitude of species. Some of them cause primarily respiratory problems (''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Legionella pneumophila]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''), primarily urinary problems (''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Proteus mirabilis]]'', ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]'', ''[[Serratia marcescens]]''), and primarily gastrointestinal problems (''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'', ''[[Salmonella enteritidis]]'', ''[[Salmonella typhi]]'').{{cn|date=November 2023}}

Gram-negative bacteria associated with [[hospital-acquired infection]]s include ''[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]'', which cause [[bacteremia]], secondary [[meningitis]], and [[ventilator-associated pneumonia]] in hospital [[intensive-care unit]]s.