Editing Gloucester (section)

===Post-Roman Gloucester===

{{See also|Roman withdrawal from Britain|Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain|Heptarchy|Kingdom of England}}
Withdrawal of all Roman forces and many societal leaders in about the year 410 may have allowed leading families of the [[Dobunni]] tribe to regain power within the now Roman-influenced, interconnected and intermixed Celtic Brythonic local people. This intermix is reflected by the fact a large minority of basic words and available synonyms in Welsh have a Latin base. In the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' Gloucester is shown as part of [[Wessex]] from the [[Battle of Deorham]] in 577. At some point afterwards, along with the rest of its shire excluding the [[Forest of Dean]], Gloucester was part of the minor kingdom of the [[Hwicce]]. In 628, as a result of the [[Battle of Cirencester]], that kingdom became a client or sub-kingdom of [[Mercia]]. From about 780, the Hwicce was no longer feigning any pretence as a kingdom and became part of [[Mercia]]. Mercia, allied by matrimony and sharing a desire to counter the Danish onslaught as had conquered swathes of the wider island at large, submitted to [[Alfred the Great]]'s [[Kingdom of Wessex]] in about 877–883. A 20th-century writer intuitively adds that Roman stem Gleu- Glev- was, doubtless, pronounced without any final consonant.<ref>Kenneth Cameron: ''English Place Names''</ref> ''Claudia Castra'' is mentioned in the 18th century as a possible Latin name related to the city.<ref name="Claudia">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzZLAAAAcAAJ&q=Claudia+Castra&pg=RA3-PA15 |title=Thesaurus Linguae Latinae Compendiarius |publisher=Mount, 1752 – 802 pages |author=Robert Ainsworth |year=1752 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923133100/https://books.google.ie/books?id=rzZLAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA15&lpg=RA3-PA15&dq=Claudia+Castra&source=bl&ots=XmY1akd68l&sig=8_4DyXQUfe3ibPQmaer360A2-AI&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Claudia%20Castra&f=false |archive-date=23 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The first bridging point on a navigable, defensive barrier, great river and the foundation in 681 of the abbey of St Peter by [[Æthelred of Mercia]], favoured town growth; and before the [[Norman conquest of England]], Gloucester was a borough governed by a [[sheriff|portreeve]], with a castle which was frequently a royal residence, and a mint. In the early 10th century, the remains of [[Oswald of Northumbria|Saint Oswald]] were brought to a small church here and shrine built there, a draw for pilgrims. The core street layout is thought to date to the reign of [[Æthelflæd]] in late Saxon times.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol4/pp5-12 |title=Anglo-Saxon Gloucester: c.680 – 1066 |work=british-history.ac.uk |access-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222220156/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol4/pp5-12 |archive-date=22 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1051, [[Edward the Confessor]] held court at Gloucester and was threatened there by an army led by [[Godwin, Earl of Wessex]], but the incident resulted in a standoff rather than a battle.