Editing Glossary of chess (section)

==D==
{{glossary}}

{{term|term= dark-square bishop|content= dark-square bishop {{anchor|Dark-square bishop|dark-square bishops|dark-squared bishop|dark-squared bishops|dark bishop|dark bishops|DSB}}}}
{{defn|defn= Often shortened to '''dark bishop'''<ref name=H&W_p102 /> or abbreviated '''DSB'''. One of the two [[#bishop|bishops]] that moves only on the [[#dark squares|dark squares]]. In the [[#starting position|starting position]], White's dark-square bishop is on c1; Black's is on f8.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 47">Pandolfini 1996, p. 47</ref> Cf. ''[[#light-square bishop|light-square bishop]]''.}}

{{term|term= dark squares|content= dark squares {{anchor|Dark squares|dark square}} }}
{{defn|defn= The 32 dark-colored squares on the chessboard, such as a1 and h8. A dark square is always located at a player's left-hand corner.<ref name="Pandolfini 1996, p. 47">Pandolfini 1996, p. 47</ref> Cf. ''[[#light squares|light squares]]''.}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|A dead draw by means of insufficient material. King versus king and bishop will never lead to checkmate. If for Black, a knight or a light-squared bishop were added to the position (e.g. a Nf3 or Bf3), a mate would be possible in theory for either side, but not with reasonable play, making it a "dead draw" in the broader sense.
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{{term|term= dead draw|content= dead draw {{anchor|Dead draw|dead draws}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#draw|drawn]] position in which neither player has any realistic chance to win. In the strict sense, dead draw may refer to a position in which it is impossible for either player to win (such as [[#insufficient material|insufficient material]]). In a broader sense, it may refer to a simple, lifeless position that would require a major [[#blunder|blunder]] before either side would have a chance to win.<ref>Webb 2006, p. 49</ref>}}

{{term|term= dead position|content= [[Rules of chess#Dead position|dead position]] {{anchor|Dead position|dead positions}} }}
{{defn|defn= A position where neither player can [[#checkmate|mate]] the opponent's king with any series of legal moves (e.g. knight and king against a [[bare king]]). This position is [[#draw|drawn]].{{refn|Article 5.2.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess<ref name="FideLawsOfChess"/>}}}}

{{term|term= decoy|content= [[Decoy (chess)|decoy]] {{anchor|Decoy|decoys|decoying|decoyed}} }}
{{defn|defn= This is a [[#tactics|tactic]] used to lure an enemy [[#man|man]] away from its defensive position.<ref name="S&S_p240">Seirawan & Silman 1994, p. 240</ref><ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, pp. 102–03</ref>  See also ''[[#deflection|deflection]]'' and ''[[#attraction|attraction]]''.}}

{{term|term= defense|content= defense {{anchor|Defense|defence|Defence|defenses|defences}} }}
{{defn|no=1|defn= A move or plan to meet the opponent's [[#attack|attack]].<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 431">Silman 1999, p. 431</ref>}}
{{defn|no=2|defn= Part of the name of [[#opening|openings]] played by Black; e.g. the [[Scandinavian Defense]], [[King's Indian Defense]], [[English Defense]], etc.<ref name="Silman 1999, p. 431">Silman 1999, p. 431</ref>}}

{{term|term= deflection|content= [[Deflection (chess)|deflection]] {{anchor|Deflection|deflections|deflect|deflecting|deflected}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#decoy|decoy]] tactic that involves luring an enemy piece away from a good square; typically, away from a square on which it defends another piece or threat. Deflection is thus closely related to [[#overloaded|overloading]].<ref>Pandolfini 1988, p. 274</ref> See also ''[[#attraction|attraction]]''.}}

[[Image:WouterMeesRotterdam1991.jpg|thumb|210px|Wouter Mees at a demonstration board]]

{{term|term= demonstration board|content= demonstration board {{anchor|Demonstration board|demonstration boards|demo board|demo boards}} }}
{{defn|defn= A large standing chess board used to analyze a game or show a game in progress. [[Johann Löwenthal]] invented the demonstration board in 1857.<ref>Pandolfini 2005, p. 64</ref>}}

{{term|term= descriptive notation|content= [[Descriptive chess notation|descriptive notation]] {{anchor|Descriptive notation|Descriptive}} }}
{{defn|defn= A system of recording chess moves, used primarily in the English- and Spanish-speaking countries until the 1980s. Descriptive notation is based on natural language descriptions of chess moves rendered in abbreviated form, for example "pawn to queen's bishop's fourth" is rendered as "P-QB4". Now replaced by the standard [[#algebraic notation|algebraic notation]].<ref>Wilson 1994, p. 60</ref>}}

{{term|term= desperado|content= [[Desperado (chess)|desperado]] {{anchor|Desperado|desperados}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#piece|piece]] that seems determined to give itself up, typically to bring about [[#stalemate|stalemate]] or [[#perpetual check|perpetual check]]. Also an ''[[#en prise|en prise]]'' or trapped piece that sacrifices itself for the maximum [[#compensation|compensation]] possible.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 106; Pandolfini 1996, p. 89</ref>}}

{{term|term= development|content= development {{anchor|Development|develop|develops|developed|developing|undeveloped}} }}
{{defn|defn= The movement of non-pawn pieces in the [[#opening|opening]] from their original squares to squares where they can be more [[#active|active]]. Development of one's pieces is one of the [[Chess opening#Common aims in opening play|objectives of the opening]] phase of the game.<ref name=S&S_p240 />}}

{{term|term= diagonal|content= diagonal {{anchor|Diagonal|diagonals}} }}
{{defn|defn= A line of squares of the same color touching corner to corner, along which a queen or bishop moves.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 56">Staunton 2014, p. 56</ref>}}

{{term|term= discovered attack|content= [[discovered attack]] {{anchor|Discovered attack|discovered attacks}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#attack|attack]] made by a queen, rook, or bishop when another piece or pawn moves out of its way.<ref name=S&S_p240 />}}

{{Chess diagram small
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|  |  |  |  |qd|  |  |
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|  |  |  |  |kd|  |  |
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|Once the e4-bishop moves, it is discovered check by the rook.
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{{term|term= discovered check|content= [[discovered check]] {{anchor|Discovered check|discovered checks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A discovered attack to the king. This occurs when a player moves a piece, resulting in another piece putting their opponent's king in check.<ref>{{cite book|last=Staunton|first=Howard|year=1876|title=Chess: Theory and Practice|quote=When the King is directly attacked by an adverse man, the move is called simply check; when the Piece or Pawn moved does not itself attack the King, but unmasks another which does, it is called a discovered check; and when both the man moved and the one unmasked attack the King, they are said to give double check.|pages=48–49|url=https://archive.org/details/chesstheorypract00stau/page/48/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Reinfeld|first=Fred|year=1955|title=1001 Winning Chess Sacrifices and Combinations|quote=Discovered check is really a kind of discovered attack, with this important difference: the "discovering" piece moves away to allow its colleague to give check along the vacated line.|page=74|isbn=0-87980-111-5}}</ref><ref>Staunton 2014, p. 50</ref>}}

{{term|term= diversionary sacrifice|content= diversionary sacrifice {{anchor|Diversionary sacrifice|diversionary sacrifices|diversionary sac|diversionary sacs}} }}
{{defn|defn= Especially in the [[#middlegame|middlegame]], the [[#sacrifice|sacrifice]] of a [[#decoy|decoy]] piece.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1996, p. 110</ref>}}

{{term|term= domination|content= [[Domination (chess)|domination]] {{anchor|Domination}} }}
{{defn|defn= From [[endgame studies]], control of all movement squares of an enemy piece.<ref>Hooper & Whyld 1992, p. 111</ref>}}

{{term|term= double attack|content= double attack {{anchor|Double attack|double attacks}} }}
{{defn|defn= Two [[#attack|attacks]] made with one move: these attacks may be made by the same piece (in which case it is a ''[[#fork|fork]]''); or by different pieces, for example in a [[#discovered attack|discovered attack]] when the moved piece also makes a threat.<ref name=S&S_p240 />}}

{{term|term= double check|content= [[double check]] {{anchor|Double check|double checks}} }}
{{defn|defn= A [[#check|check]] delivered by two pieces at the same time. A double check necessarily involves a [[#discovered check|discovered check]]. By its nature a double check cannot be met by interposing a defending piece in a line of attack, or by capturing an attacker; when subjected to a double check, the attacked king must move. This makes the double check especially powerful as an attacking tactic.<ref>Staunton 2014, p. 51</ref>}}

{{term|term= doubled pawns|content= [[doubled pawns]] {{anchor|Doubled pawns|doubled pawn}} }}
{{defn|defn= Two [[#pawn|pawns]] of the same color on the same [[#file|file]]; generally considered a weakness due to their inability to defend each other.<ref name="Staunton 2014, p. 56">Staunton 2014, p. 56</ref>}}

{{term|term= doubled rooks|content= doubled rooks {{anchor|Doubled rooks|doubled rook}} }}
{{defn|defn= A powerful configuration in which a player's two rooks are placed on the same [[#file|file]] or [[#rank|rank]] with no other [[#man|men]] between them. They defend each other and attack along the shared file or rank, as well as two additional ranks or files. The configuration can be especially decisive in the [[#endgame|endgame]].<ref>Pandolfini 2013, p. 75</ref>}}

{{term|term= double fianchetto|content= double fianchetto {{anchor|Double fianchetto|double fianchetti}} }}
{{defn|defn= A player's [[#king bishop|king bishop]] and [[#queen bishop|queen bishop]] have both been [[#fianchetto|fianchettoed]].<ref name=OCC_p133 />}}

{{term|term= draw|content= [[Draw (chess)|draw]] {{anchor|Draw|draws}} }}
{{defn|defn= A game that ends without victory for either player. Most drawn games are [[draw by agreement|draws by agreement]]. The other ways that a game can end in a draw are by [[#stalemate|stalemate]], by a [[#dead position|dead position]], by the [[#threefold repetition|threefold repetition rule]], by the [[#fifty-move rule|fifty-move rule]], by the [[#fivefold repetition|fivefold repetition rule]], and by the [[#seventy-five-move rule|seventy-five-move rule]]. A position is said to be a draw (or a "drawn position" or "theoretical draw") if either player can, through correct play, eventually force the game into a position where the game must end in a draw, regardless of the moves made by the other player. A draw is usually scored as ½ point, although in some matches only wins are counted and draws are ignored.<ref name=S&S_p240 />}}

{{term|term= draw by agreement|content= [[draw by agreement]] {{anchor|Draw by agreement|draws by agreement}} }}
{{defn|defn= A game that is ended by both players' accepting a draw.<ref>Pandolfini 1996, p. 96</ref> See also ''[[#resign|resign]]''.}}

{{term|term= draw death|content= draw death {{anchor|Draw death|draw deaths}} }}
{{defn|defn= Hypothetical scenario whereby elite-level chess players, aided by modern computer analysis, become so good that they never make mistakes, leading to endless drawn games (since chess is widely believed to be drawn with best play from both sides).<ref>Grooten 2017, p. 289</ref>}}

{{term|term= drawing line|content= drawing line {{anchor|Drawing line|drawing lines}} }}
{{defn|defn= An [[#opening|opening]] [[#variation|variation]] that commonly ends in a [[#draw|draw]].<ref>Soltis 2002, p. 146</ref>}}

{{term|term= drawing weapon|content= drawing weapon {{anchor|Drawing weapon|drawing weapons}} }}
{{defn|defn= An opening [[#line|line]] played with the intent of drawing the game.<ref>Desjarlais 2011, p. 99</ref>}}

{{term|term= drawish|content= drawish {{anchor|Drawish}} }}
{{defn|defn= An adjective describing a position or game that is likely to end in a [[#draw|draw]].<ref>Edwards 2007, p. 258</ref>}}

{{term|term= draw odds|content= draw odds {{anchor|Draw odds}} }}
{{defn|defn= A type of chess [[#odds|handicap]] where one player (Black in an [[#Armageddon game|Armageddon game]]) has only to draw in order to win the match.<ref>Capablanca 2002, p. 79</ref>}}

{{term|term= draw offer|content= draw offer {{anchor|Draw offer|draw offers}} }}
{{defn|defn= A proposal by a player to the opponent that the game be [[#draw by agreement|drawn by agreement]].<ref>Schiller 2003, p. 376</ref>}}

{{term|term= dynamism|content= dynamism {{anchor|Dynamism|dynamic}} }}
{{defn|defn= A style of play in which the activity of the pieces is favored over more positional considerations, even to the point of accepting permanent structural or [[#space|spatial]] weaknesses. Dynamism stemmed from the teachings of the [[#hypermodernism|Hypermodern school]] and challenged the dogma found in more classical teachings, such as those put forward by [[Wilhelm Steinitz]] and [[Siegbert Tarrasch]].<ref>Suba 2014, p. 104</ref>}}

{{glossary end}}