Editing Globalization (section)

===Early modern===
{{Main|Proto-globalization}}

"[[Early modern]]" or "proto-globalization" covers a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800. The concept of "proto-globalization" was first introduced by historians [[A. G. Hopkins]] and [[Christopher Bayly]]. The term describes the phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange that characterized the period immediately preceding the advent of high "modern globalization" in the late 19th century.<ref>Hopkins, A.G., ed., 2003. Globalization in World History. New York City: Norton. {{ISBN|0-393-97942-3}} pp. 4–5, 7</ref> This phase of globalization was characterized by the rise of maritime European empires, in the 15th and 17th centuries, first the [[Portuguese Empire]] (1415) followed by the [[Spanish Empire]] (1492), and later the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] and [[British Empire]]s. In the 17th century, world trade developed further when [[chartered companies]] like the [[British East India Company]] (founded in 1600) and the [[Dutch East India Company]] (founded in 1602, often described as the first [[multinational corporation]] in which [[stock]] was offered) were established.<ref>Chaudhuri, K.N. (1965\1999). ''The English East India Company: The Study of an Early Joint-stock Company 1600–1640 (Vol. 4).'' London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press.</ref>
[[File:Chafariz d'el Rei (Flemish School).jpg|left|thumb|Lisbon in the 1570s had many Africans due to the [[Atlantic slave trade]].]]

An alternative view from historians Dennis Flynn and Arturo Giraldez, postulated that: globalization began with the first circumnavigation of the globe under the [[Magellan-Elcano expedition]] which preluded the rise of [[Global silver trade from the 16th to 19th centuries|global silver trade]].<ref>China and the Birth of Globalization in the 16th Century, by Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giráldez</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5pFDQEACAAJ|title=The Silver Way: China, Spanish America and the Birth of Globalisation, 1565-1815|first1=Peter|last1=Gordon|first2=Juan José|last2=Morales|date=12 October 2017|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-7343-9943-4 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

Early modern globalization is distinguished from modern globalization on the basis of [[expansionism]], the method of managing global trade, and the level of information exchange. The period is marked by the shift of [[hegemony]] to Western Europe, the rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the [[Thirty Years' War]], and demand for commodities, most particularly [[slaves]]. The [[triangular trade]] made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the [[Western Hemisphere]]. The transfer of animal stocks, plant crops, and epidemic diseases associated with [[Alfred W. Crosby]]'s concept of the [[Columbian exchange]] also played a central role in this process. European, Middle Eastern, Indian, [[Southeast Asia]]n, and Chinese merchants were all involved in early modern trade and communications, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.

[[File:Launch-of-the-SS-GB.jpg|thumb|The 1843 launch of the ''[[SS Great Britain|Great Britain]]'', the revolutionary ship of [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]]]
[[File:Arthur Mees Flags of A Free Empire 1910 Cornell CUL PJM 1167 01.jpg|thumb|During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] was a global [[superpower]].]]