Editing George Sand (section)

===Notable relationships===
[[File:Casimir Dudevant.jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Casimir Dudevant]], Sand's husband, in the 1860s]]

In 1822, at the age of eighteen, Sand married [[Casimir Dudevant|(François) Casimir Dudevant]],<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Sand|title=George Sand {{!}} French novelist|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=1 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> an [[Legitimacy (family law)|illegitimate]] son of Baron Jean-François Dudevant. She and Dudevant had two children: [[Maurice Sand|Maurice]] and [[Solange Dudevant|Solange]] (1828–1899). In 1825, she had an intense but perhaps platonic affair with the young lawyer [[Aurélien de Sèze]].<ref name="Leduc2015">{{citation|last=Leduc|first=Edouard|title=La Dame de Nohant: ou La vie passionnée de George Sand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGK9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|year=2015|publisher=Editions Publibook|isbn=978-2-342-03497-4|pages=30–}}</ref> In early 1831, she left her husband and entered upon a four- or five-year period of "romantic rebellion". In 1835, she was [[legally separated]] from Dudevant and took custody of their children.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/george-sand-review-monstre-sacre-1528489494|title='George Sand' Review: Monstre Sacré|last=Eisler|first=Benita|website=The Wall Street Journal|date=8 June 2018|language=en-US|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

Sand had romantic affairs with the novelist [[Jules Sandeau]] (1831), the Polish-Russian Prince Norbert Przanowski (February 1832 – Summer 1833) the writer [[Prosper Mérimée]], the dramatist [[Alfred de Musset]] (summer 1833 – March 1835), Louis-Chrysostome Michel, the actor [[Bocage (actor)|Pierre-François Bocage]], the writer [[Charles Didier (writer)|Charles Didier]], the novelist [[Félicien Mallefille]], the politician [[Louis Blanc]], and the composer [[Frédéric Chopin]] (1837–1847).{{Sfn|Szulc|1998|pp=160, 165, 194–95}} Later in her life, [[Flaubert's letters|she corresponded]] with [[Gustave Flaubert]], and despite their differences in temperament and aesthetic preference, they eventually became close friends.

Sand was also close friends with the actress [[Marie Dorval]]. Whether they were physically involved or not has been debated, yet never verified.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.randomhouse.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9780679779186&view=excerpt | title = George Sand | first = Belinda | last = Jack | publisher = Random House}}.</ref><ref name="glbtq">{{citation|last=Pettis|first=Ruth M.|title=Dorval, Marie|url=http://www.glbtq.com/arts/dorval_m.html|year=2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007174202/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/dorval_m.html|periodical=[[glbtq.com]]|accessdate=19 October 2008|archivedate=7 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The two met in January 1833, after Sand wrote Dorval a letter of appreciation following one of her performances. Sand wrote about Dorval, including many passages where she is described as smitten with Dorval. <blockquote>Only those who know how differently we were made can realize how utterly I was in thrall to her...God had given her the power to express what she felt...She was beautiful, and she was simple. She had never been taught anything, but there was nothing she did not know by instinct. I can find no words with which to describe how cold and incomplete my own nature is. I can express nothing. There must be a sort of paralysis in my brain which prevents what I feel from ever finding a form through which it can achieve communication...When she appeared upon the stage, with her drooping figure, her listless gait, her sad and penetrating glance...I can say only that it was as though I were looking at an embodied spirit.<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>

Theater critic [[Jean Baptiste Gustave Planche|Gustave Planche]] reportedly warned Sand to stay away from Dorval. Likewise, Count [[Alfred de Vigny]], Dorval's lover from 1831 to 1838, warned the actress to stay away from Sand, whom he referred to as "that damned lesbian".<ref name="glbtq" /> In 1840, Dorval played the lead in a play written by Sand, titled ''Cosima'', and the two women collaborated on the script. However, the play was not well-received, and was cancelled after only seven showings. Sand and Dorval remained close friends for the remainder of Dorval's lifetime.

====Chopin====

Sand spent the winter of 1838–1839 with [[Frédéric Chopin]] in [[Mallorca]] at the (formerly abandoned) [[Carthusian]] monastery of [[Valldemossa]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.valldemossa.com/museoin.htm | title = Museoin | publisher = Valldemossa}}.</ref> The trip to Mallorca was described in her ''Un hiver à Majorque'' (''[[A Winter in Majorca]]''), first published in 1841.<ref>Travers, Martin (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=fZFitE0jpv4C&dq=%22a+winter+in+majorca%22+sand&pg=PA97 ''European Literature from Romanticism to Postmodernism: A Reader in Aesthetic Practice''.] Continuum publishing, 2006, p. 97. {{ISBN|978-0826439604}}</ref> Chopin [[Chopin's disease|was already ill]] with incipient tuberculosis at the beginning of their relationship, and spending a cold and wet winter in Mallorca where they could not get proper lodgings exacerbated his symptoms.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Pruszewicz|first1=Marek|title=The mystery of Chopin's death|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29915863|date=22 December 2014|access-date=20 January 2015|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>[[File:ChopinSandDelacroix.jpg|thumb|Sand sews while Chopin plays piano, in a hypothetical reconstruction of Delacroix's 1838 painting, ''[[Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand]]''.|left]]

Sand and Chopin also spent many long summers at [[House of George Sand|Sand's country manor in Nohant]] from 1839 to 1846, skipping only 1840.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nohant, Indre: Frédéric Chopin and George Sand|url=https://www.francetoday.com/learn/history/nohant_chopin_sand/|access-date=29 January 2022|website=www.google.com|date=16 September 2010}}</ref> There, Chopin wrote many of his most famous works, including the [[Fantaisie in F minor (Chopin)|Fantaisie in F minor, Op. 49]], [[Piano Sonata No. 3 (Chopin)|Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 58]], and the [[Ballade No. 3 (Chopin)|Ballade No. 3 Op. 47]].

In her novel ''Lucrezia Floriani'', Sand is said to have used Chopin as a model for a sickly Eastern European prince named Karol. He is cared for by a middle-aged actress past her prime, Lucrezia, who suffers greatly through her affection for Karol.{{Sfn | Szulc | 1998 | p = 326}} Though Sand claimed not to have made a cartoon out of Chopin, the book's publication and widespread readership may have exacerbated their later antipathy towards each other. After Chopin's death, Sand burned much of their correspondence, leaving only four surviving letters between the two.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Belotti|first1=Gastone|last2=Sand|first2=George|last3=Weiss|first3=Piero|date=1966|title=Three Unpublished Letters by George Sand and Their Contribution to Chopin Scholarship|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3085958|journal=The Musical Quarterly|volume=52|issue=3|pages=283–303|doi=10.1093/mq/LII.3.283|jstor=3085958|issn=0027-4631}}</ref> Three of the letters were published in the "Classiques Garnier" series in 1968.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Alexandre Manceau (1817-1865).jpg|thumb|Alexandre Manceau (1817–1865), long time lover of George Sand from 1849 to 1865|217x217px]]

Another breach was caused by Chopin's attitude toward Sand's daughter, Solange.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jensen|first=Katharine Ann|date=1 February 2013|title=The Chopin Affair: George Sand's Rivalry with her Daughter|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2013.770617|journal=Nineteenth-Century Contexts|volume=35|issue=1|pages=41–64|doi=10.1080/08905495.2013.770617|s2cid=193206245|issn=0890-5495}}</ref> Chopin continued to be cordial to Solange after she and her husband [[Auguste Clésinger]] fell out with Sand over money. Sand took Chopin's support of Solange to be extremely disloyal, and confirmation that Chopin had always "loved" Solange.<ref>From the correspondence of Sand and Chopin: {{harvnb|Szulc|1998|p=344}}</ref>

Sand's son Maurice disliked Chopin. Maurice wanted to establish himself as the "man of the estate" and did not wish to have Chopin as a rival. Maurice removed two sentences from a letter Sand wrote to Chopin when he published it because he felt that Sand was too affectionate toward Chopin and Solange.<ref name=":1" />

Chopin and Sand separated two years before his death for a variety of reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frédéric Chopin and George Sand: A Collaborative Union {{!}} The Romantic Piano|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/291926-frederic-chopin-and-george-sand-a-collaborative-union/|access-date=2 March 2019|website=WQXR|date=9 May 2013 |language=en}}</ref> Chopin was never asked back to Nohant; in 1848, he returned to Paris from a tour of the United Kingdom, to die at the [[Place Vendôme]] in 1849. George Sand was notably absent from his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/20/books/chapters/chopins-funeral.html|title=Excerpted from 'Chopin's Funeral'|last=Eisler|first=Benita|date=20 April 2003|work=The New York Times|access-date=1 December 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In December 1849, Maurice invited the [[Engraving|engraver]] Alexandre Manceau to celebrate Christmas in Nohant. George Sand fell passionately in love with Manceau, he became her lover, companion and secretary and they stayed together for fifteen years until his death.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Harlan |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191935438 |title=George Sand |date=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-13056-0 |location=New Haven |pages=286f., 298 |oclc=191935438}}</ref>