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Geography of Tunisia
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=== Climate === [[File:Water_Stress,_Top_Countries_(2020).svg|thumb|Tunisia is the eighteenth most water stressed country in the world.]] Tunisia's climate is [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa'') in the north, where winters are mild with moderate rainfall and summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in July and August can exceed {{convert|40|°C|°F|abbr=on}} when the tropical continental air mass of the desert reaches the whole Tunisia. Winters are mild with temperatures rarely exceeding {{convert|20|°C|°F|abbr=on}} (exception is the south-west of the country). The south of the country is desert. The terrain in the north is mountainous, which, moving south, gives way to a hot, dry central plain. As we go to the south, the climate naturally becomes hotter, drier and sunnier. The southern part has therefore a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') with extremely hot summers, warm winters and very low annual rainfall amount. Daytime temperatures consistently turn around {{convert|45|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during summers. However, the warmth of winters is only during daytime because nights can be cold in the desert. A series of [[Tunisian salt lakes|salt lakes]], known as ''chottzz'' or ''shatts'', lie in an east–west line at the northern edge of the [[Sahara Desert]], extending from the [[Gulf of Gabes]] into [[Algeria]]. The lowest point is [[Chott el Djerid]], at {{convert|-17|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, and the highest is [[Jebel ech Chambi]], at {{convert|1544|m|ft|0}}. Annual average rainfall amount is lower than {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on}} nearly everywhere in Tunisia. Tunisia is therefore a dry, semi-arid country. Areas with a pre-Saharan climate receive below {{convert|250|mm|in|abbr=on}} and areas with a typical Saharan climate receive below {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} of annual average precipitation. The southernmost part receives rainfall as low as {{convert|50|mm|in|abbr=on}} in areas around [[El Borma]], along the Algerian border. ==== Examples ==== {{Weather box | location = Tunis ([[Tunis–Carthage International Airport]]) 1981–2010, extremes 1943–present | metric first = yes | width=auto | collapsed = yes | single line = yes | Jan record high C = 25.1 | Feb record high C = 28.5 | Mar record high C = 36.5 | Apr record high C = 33.1 | May record high C = 41.4 | Jun record high C = 47.0 | Jul record high C = 47.4 | Aug record high C = 48.9 | Sep record high C = 44.4 | Oct record high C = 40.0 | Nov record high C = 30.5 | Dec record high C = 29.6 | year record high C = 48.9 | Jan high C = 16.1 | Feb high C = 16.8 | Mar high C = 19.0 | Apr high C = 21.7 | May high C = 26.1 | Jun high C = 30.6 | Jul high C = 33.8 | Aug high C = 34.1 | Sep high C = 30.4 | Oct high C = 26.5 | Nov high C = 21.2 | Dec high C = 17.3 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 11.6 | Feb mean C = 11.9 | Mar mean C = 13.8 | Apr mean C = 16.2 | May mean C = 20.2 | Jun mean C = 24.3 | Jul mean C = 27.2 | Aug mean C = 27.7 | Sep mean C = 24.7 | Oct mean C = 21.1 | Nov mean C = 16.3 | Dec mean C = 12.8 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 7.6 | Feb low C = 7.7 | Mar low C = 9.2 | Apr low C = 11.4 | May low C = 14.8 | Jun low C = 18.6 | Jul low C = 21.3 | Aug low C = 22.2 | Sep low C = 20.1 | Oct low C = 16.8 | Nov low C = 12.2 | Dec low C = 8.9 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -2.0 | Feb record low C = -1.1 | Mar record low C = 1.0 | Apr record low C = 1.7 | May record low C = 6.0 | Jun record low C = 10.0 | Jul record low C = 13.0 | Aug record low C = 11.7 | Sep record low C = 12.0 | Oct record low C = 6.0 | Nov record low C = 0.8 | Dec record low C = 0.0 | year record low C = -2.0 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 63.1 | Feb precipitation mm = 49.2 | Mar precipitation mm = 39.2 | Apr precipitation mm = 38.5 | May precipitation mm = 23.6 | Jun precipitation mm = 12.9 | Jul precipitation mm = 4.0 | Aug precipitation mm = 7.1 | Sep precipitation mm = 56.3 | Oct precipitation mm = 47.7 | Nov precipitation mm = 54.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 75.2 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 8.6 | Feb precipitation days = 8.1 | Mar precipitation days = 8.0 | Apr precipitation days = 5.5 | May precipitation days = 3.1 | Jun precipitation days = 1.7 | Jul precipitation days = 0.6 | Aug precipitation days = 1.3 | Sep precipitation days = 3.5 | Oct precipitation days = 6.1 | Nov precipitation days = 5.9 | Dec precipitation days = 8.1 | year precipitation days = | Jan humidity = 76 | Feb humidity = 74 | Mar humidity = 73 | Apr humidity = 71 | May humidity = 68 | Jun humidity = 64 | Jul humidity = 62 | Aug humidity = 64 | Sep humidity = 68 | Oct humidity = 72 | Nov humidity = 74 | Dec humidity = 77 | year humidity = 70 | Jan sun = 145.7 | Feb sun = 159.6 | Mar sun = 198.4 | Apr sun = 225.0 | May sun = 282.1 | Jun sun = 309.0 | Jul sun = 356.5 | Aug sun = 328.6 | Sep sun = 258.0 | Oct sun = 217.0 | Nov sun = 174.0 | Dec sun = 148.8 | year sun = 2802.7 | Jand sun = 4.7 | Febd sun = 5.7 | Mard sun = 6.4 | Aprd sun = 7.5 | Mayd sun = 9.1 | Jund sun = 10.3 | Juld sun = 11.5 | Augd sun = 10.6 | Sepd sun = 8.6 | Octd sun = 7.0 | Novd sun = 5.8 | Decd sun = 4.8 | yeard sun = 7.7 | source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=TunisIMN1>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt | archive-date = 19 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f | title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2tunis>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3 | title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="IMNextremeskesssarine">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30 | title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station ID Tunis|The Station ID for Tunis Carthage is 11515111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=19 December 2019}}</ref>}} | source 2 = [[NOAA]] (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990),<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TS/60715.TXT | title = Tunis-Carthage Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 18 September 2018}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimatetunismeteoclimat> {{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-627-Tunis.php | title = Station Tunis | publisher = Météo Climat | language = fr | access-date = 15 September 2021}}</ref> | date=February 2011}} {{Weather box | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Bizerte (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2021) | width = auto | collapsed = Yes | Jan record high C = 27.0 | Feb record high C = 27.2 | Mar record high C = 33.5 | Apr record high C = 34.2 | May record high C = 40.4 | Jun record high C = 46.0 | Jul record high C = 46.6 | Aug record high C = 48.9 | Sep record high C = 45.0 | Oct record high C = 40.5 | Nov record high C = 34.0 | Dec record high C = 27.2 | year record high C = 48.9 | Jan high C = 15.6 | Feb high C = 16.0 | Mar high C = 18.0 | Apr high C = 20.4 | May high C = 25.0 | Jun high C = 29.1 | Jul high C = 32.3 | Aug high C = 32.8 | Sep high C = 29.6 | Oct high C = 25.8 | Nov high C = 20.5 | Dec high C = 16.8 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 11.2 | Feb mean C = 11.3 | Mar mean C = 12.8 | Apr mean C = 15.1 | May mean C = 19.0 | Jun mean C = 23.1 | Jul mean C = 26.0 | Aug mean C = 26.6 | Sep mean C = 23.9 | Oct mean C = 20.4 | Nov mean C = 15.7 | Dec mean C = 12.5 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 7.0 | Feb low C = 6.9 | Mar low C = 8.1 | Apr low C = 10.1 | May low C = 13.5 | Jun low C = 17.2 | Jul low C = 20.1 | Aug low C = 21.0 | Sep low C = 19.0 | Oct low C = 15.8 | Nov low C = 11.4 | Dec low C = 8.4 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -4.2 | Feb record low C = -1.4 | Mar record low C = -0.4 | Apr record low C = 1.0 | May record low C = 3.1 | Jun record low C = 8.0 | Jul record low C = 8.0 | Aug record low C = 10.0 | Sep record low C = 8.9 | Oct record low C = 4.9 | Nov record low C = 0.0 | Dec record low C = -0.5 | year record low C = -4.2 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 88.8 | Feb precipitation mm = 73.9 | Mar precipitation mm = 57.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 50.6 | May precipitation mm = 23.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 10.6 | Jul precipitation mm = 2.2 | Aug precipitation mm = 6.8 | Sep precipitation mm = 44.3 | Oct precipitation mm = 61.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 93.4 | Dec precipitation mm = 115.2 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 11.3 | Feb precipitation days = 10.3 | Mar precipitation days = 9.6 | Apr precipitation days = 6.5 | May precipitation days = 3.9 | Jun precipitation days = 1.6 | Jul precipitation days = 0.6 | Aug precipitation days = 1.1 | Sep precipitation days = 4.0 | Oct precipitation days = 7.8 | Nov precipitation days = 9.5 | Dec precipitation days = 11.4 | year precipitation days = | Jan humidity = 83 | Feb humidity = 80 | Mar humidity = 78 | Apr humidity = 78 | May humidity = 75 | Jun humidity = 70 | Jul humidity = 68 | Aug humidity = 69 | Sep humidity = 75 | Oct humidity = 78 | Nov humidity = 83 | Dec humidity = 83 | year humidity = 77 | Jan sun = 142.6 | Feb sun = 163.9 | Mar sun = 217.0 | Apr sun = 237.0 | May sun = 303.8 | Jun sun = 330.0 | Jul sun = 384.4 | Aug sun = 356.5 | Sep sun = 267.0 | Oct sun = 207.7 | Nov sun = 153.0 | Dec sun = 133.3 | year sun = | Jand sun = 4.6 | Febd sun = 5.8 | Mard sun = 7.0 | Aprd sun = 7.9 | Mayd sun = 9.8 | Jund sun = 11.0 | Juld sun = 12.4 | Augd sun = 11.5 | Sepd sun = 8.9 | Octd sun = 6.7 | Novd sun = 5.1 | Decd sun = 4.3 | yeard sun = 7.9 | source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days 1961–1990 and extremes 1950–2021)<ref name=IMN1bizrerte>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt | archive-date = 19 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f | title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2bizerte>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3 | title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="IMNextremeskesssarine">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30 | title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station BizerteID|The Station ID for Bizerte is 11414111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>}} | source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes 1901–1992)<ref name = bizerteDWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_607140_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Bizerte / Tunesien | work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 18 October 2016}}</ref> OGIMET <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60714&ano=2021&mes=8&day=10&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30 |title=60714: Bizerte (Tunisia) |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date= 10 August 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 10 August 2021|quote=}}</ref> Arab Meteorology Book (humidity and sun)<ref name=climate>{{cite web | url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data | publisher = Springer | access-date = 18 October 2016 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> }} {{Weather box | metric first=yes | single line=yes | width=auto | location=Sousse | collapsed = Yes | Jan record high C=27 | Feb record high C=30 | Mar record high C=37 | Apr record high C=36 | May record high C=43 | Jun record high C=47 | Jul record high C=47 | Aug record high C=48 | Sep record high C=42 | Oct record high C=40 | Nov record high C=31 | Dec record high C=30 | Jan high C=15.8 | Feb high C=16.3 | Mar high C=17.8 | Apr high C=20.2 | May high C=23.4 | Jun high C=27.1 | Jul high C=30.7 | Aug high C=31.5 | Sep high C=30.2 | Oct high C=25.6 | Nov high C=20.8 | Dec high C=16.7 | Jan mean C=11.4 | Feb mean C=11.7 | Mar mean C=13.3 | Apr mean C=15.6 | May mean C=18.7 | Jun mean C=22.4 | Jul mean C=25.6 | Aug mean C=26.2 | Sep mean C=25.0 | Oct mean C=20.9 | Nov mean C=16.1 | Dec mean C=12.4 | Jan low C=7.2 | Feb low C=7.4 | Mar low C=8.9 | Apr low C=11.0 | May low C=14.1 | Jun low C=17.8 | Jul low C=20.6 | Aug low C=20.9 | Sep low C=19.9 | Oct low C=16.3 | Nov low C=11.5 | Dec low C=8.1 | Jan record low C=4.8 | Feb record low C=5 | Mar record low C=5.5 | Apr record low C=5.5 | May record low C=9 | Jun record low C=13 | Jul record low C=14 | Aug record low C=16 | Sep record low C=15 | Oct record low C=7 | Nov record low C=5.5 | Dec record low C=4.5 | rain colour=green | Jan rain mm=43 | Feb rain mm=48 | Mar rain mm=35 | Apr rain mm=28 | May rain mm=15 | Jun rain mm=9 | Jul rain mm=2 | Aug rain mm=7 | Sep rain mm=35 | Oct rain mm=44 | Nov rain mm=35 | Dec rain mm=53 | Jan rain days=7 | Feb rain days=6 | Mar rain days=7 | Apr rain days=6 | May rain days=5 | Jun rain days=2 | Jul rain days=1 | Aug rain days=2 | Sep rain days=4 | Oct rain days=6 | Nov rain days=6 | Dec rain days=7 | Jand sun=6 | Febd sun=7 | Mard sun=7 | Aprd sun=8 | Mayd sun=10 | Jund sun=11 | Juld sun=12 | Augd sun=11 | Sepd sun=9 | Octd sun=7 | Novd sun=7 | Decd sun=6 | source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'',<ref name="Climate-DataSousse.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3548/ |title=Climate: Sousse – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref> ''Weather2Travel'' for rainy days and sunshine<ref name="Weather2Travelsousee">{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/tunisia/sousse.php |title=Sousse Climate and Weather Averages, Tunisia |publisher=Weather2Travel |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref> | source 2= ''Voodoo Skies'' for record temperatures<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/tunisia/sousse |title=Sousse, Tunisia |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=30 October 2013 }}</ref> }} {{Weather box | metric first = yes | single line = yes | width = auto | location = Sfax (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2017) | collapsed = Yes | Jan record high C = 26.8 | Feb record high C = 32.7 | Mar record high C = 36.9 | Apr record high C = 37.2 | May record high C = 41.3 | Jun record high C = 47.8 | Jul record high C = 47.2 | Aug record high C = 46.8 | Sep record high C = 43.5 | Oct record high C = 38.2 | Nov record high C = 34.5 | Dec record high C = 28.6 | year record high C = 47.8 | Jan high C = 17.1 | Feb high C = 18.1 | Mar high C = 20.2 | Apr high C = 22.5 | May high C = 26.0 | Jun high C = 29.9 | Jul high C = 32.7 | Aug high C = 33.2 | Sep high C = 30.5 | Oct high C = 27.1 | Nov high C = 22.3 | Dec high C = 18.2 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 11.5 | Feb mean C = 12.3 | Mar mean C = 14.6 | Apr mean C = 17.2 | May mean C = 20.9 | Jun mean C = 24.6 | Jul mean C = 27.3 | Aug mean C = 28.0 | Sep mean C = 25.6 | Oct mean C = 22.1 | Nov mean C = 16.8 | Dec mean C = 12.7 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 6.4 | Feb low C = 7.0 | Mar low C = 9.3 | Apr low C = 12.0 | May low C = 15.7 | Jun low C = 19.2 | Jul low C = 21.6 | Aug low C = 22.8 | Sep low C = 21.1 | Oct low C = 17.6 | Nov low C = 11.8 | Dec low C = 7.8 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -2.3 | Feb record low C = -1.2 | Mar record low C = -1.0 | Apr record low C = 2.0 | May record low C = 6.1 | Jun record low C = 10.6 | Jul record low C = 13.6 | Aug record low C = 13.2 | Sep record low C = 11.2 | Oct record low C = 5.2 | Nov record low C = 2.0 | Dec record low C = -1.0 | year record low C = -2.3 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 30.1 | Feb rain mm = 13.5 | Mar rain mm = 21.8 | Apr rain mm = 19.1 | May rain mm = 13.2 | Jun rain mm = 4.2 | Jul rain mm = 1.2 | Aug rain mm = 4.2 | Sep rain mm = 24.9 | Oct rain mm = 36.6 | Nov rain mm = 25.1 | Dec rain mm = 29.0 | unit rain days = 1.0 mm | Jan rain days = 3.4 | Feb rain days = 3.3 | Mar rain days = 3.7 | Apr rain days = 2.8 | May rain days = 1.7 | Jun rain days = 0.6 | Jul rain days = 0.2 | Aug rain days = 0.5 | Sep rain days = 2.5 | Oct rain days = 3.6 | Nov rain days = 2.8 | Dec rain days = 2.9 | Jan humidity = 65 | Feb humidity = 63 | Mar humidity = 63 | Apr humidity = 63 | May humidity = 62 | Jun humidity = 60 | Jul humidity = 59 | Aug humidity = 63 | Sep humidity = 65 | Oct humidity = 66 | Nov humidity = 65 | Dec humidity = 66 | year humidity = 63 | Jan sun = 198.4 | Feb sun = 201.6 | Mar sun = 238.7 | Apr sun = 258.0 | May sun = 310.0 | Jun sun = 333.0 | Jul sun = 378.2 | Aug sun = 347.2 | Sep sun = 273.0 | Oct sun = 241.8 | Nov sun = 210.0 | Dec sun = 195.3 | year sun = 3185.2 | Jand sun = 6.4 | Febd sun = 7.2 | Mard sun = 7.7 | Aprd sun = 8.6 | Mayd sun = 10.0 | Jund sun = 11.1 | Juld sun = 12.2 | Augd sun = 11.2 | Sepd sun = 9.1 | Octd sun = 7.8 | Novd sun = 7.0 | Decd sun = 6.3 | yeard sun = 8.7 | source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=SfaxIMN1>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt | archive-date = 19 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f | title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=SfaxIMN2>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3 | title = Données normales climatiques 1961–1990 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=SfaxIMNextremes>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30 | title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=StationSfax ID|The Station ID for Sfax is 45050111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>}} | source 2 = [[NOAA]] (humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAAsfax>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60750.TXT | title = Sfax Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | access-date = 24 January 2015}}</ref> }} {{Weather box | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Gabès (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2021) | width = auto | collapsed = yes | Jan record high C = 29.3 | Feb record high C = 33.9 | Mar record high C = 41.0 | Apr record high C = 38.2 | May record high C = 43.6 | Jun record high C = 46.5 | Jul record high C = 46.7 | Aug record high C = 46.6 | Sep record high C = 44.2 | Oct record high C = 40.1 | Nov record high C = 35.0 | Dec record high C = 31.2 | year record high C = 46.7 | Jan high C = 16.9 | Feb high C = 18.4 | Mar high C = 20.2 | Apr high C = 22.5 | May high C = 25.4 | Jun high C = 28.3 | Jul high C = 31.3 | Aug high C = 32.2 | Sep high C = 30.3 | Oct high C = 27.3 | Nov high C = 22.5 | Dec high C = 18.1 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 12.1 | Feb mean C = 13.3 | Mar mean C = 15.6 | Apr mean C = 18.2 | May mean C = 21.6 | Jun mean C = 24.9 | Jul mean C = 27.6 | Aug mean C = 28.5 | Sep mean C = 26.6 | Oct mean C = 23.1 | Nov mean C = 17.7 | Dec mean C = 13.4 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 7.8 | Feb low C = 8.6 | Mar low C = 11.2 | Apr low C = 14.2 | May low C = 17.9 | Jun low C = 21.5 | Jul low C = 23.7 | Aug low C = 24.7 | Sep low C = 22.8 | Oct low C = 18.9 | Nov low C = 13.3 | Dec low C = 9.2 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -2.7 | Feb record low C = -2.0 | Mar record low C = 0.9 | Apr record low C = 4.6 | May record low C = 8.2 | Jun record low C = 12.0 | Jul record low C = 15.6 | Aug record low C = 16.8 | Sep record low C = 14.4 | Oct record low C = 6.8 | Nov record low C = 2.6 | Dec record low C = 0.0 | year record low C = -2.7 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 26.3 | Feb precipitation mm = 11.3 | Mar precipitation mm = 15.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 15.8 | May precipitation mm = 9.1 | Jun precipitation mm = 2.1 | Jul precipitation mm = 0.3 | Aug precipitation mm = 1.2 | Sep precipitation mm = 23.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 31.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 23.3 | Dec precipitation mm = 27.9 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 2.8 | Feb precipitation days = 2.4 | Mar precipitation days = 2.8 | Apr precipitation days = 2.4 | May precipitation days = 1.1 | Jun precipitation days = 0.6 | Jul precipitation days = 0.1 | Aug precipitation days = 0.2 | Sep precipitation days = 1.6 | Oct precipitation days = 3.4 | Nov precipitation days = 2.7 | Dec precipitation days = 3.1 | year precipitation days = | Jan humidity = 62 | Feb humidity = 59 | Mar humidity = 62 | Apr humidity = 63 | May humidity = 65 | Jun humidity = 66 | Jul humidity = 63 | Aug humidity = 65 | Sep humidity = 66 | Oct humidity = 64 | Nov humidity = 62 | Dec humidity = 64 | year humidity = 63 | Jan sun = 220.1 | Feb sun = 215.6 | Mar sun = 251.1 | Apr sun = 267.0 | May sun = 313.1 | Jun sun = 321.0 | Jul sun = 372.0 | Aug sun = 353.4 | Sep sun = 279.0 | Oct sun = 260.4 | Nov sun = 228.0 | Dec sun = 210.8 | year sun = 3291.5 | Jand sun = 7.1 | Febd sun = 7.7 | Mard sun = 8.1 | Aprd sun = 8.9 | Mayd sun = 10.1 | Jund sun = 10.7 | Juld sun = 12.0 | Augd sun = 11.4 | Sepd sun = 9.3 | Octd sun = 8.4 | Novd sun = 7.6 | Decd sun = 6.8 | yeard sun = 9.0 | source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)<ref name=GabesIMN1>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt | archive-date = 19 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f | title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2gabes>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3 | title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=GabesIMNextremes>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30 | title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 4 January 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station GabesID|The Station ID for Gabès is 46565111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref>}} | source 2 = NOAA (humidity and sun 1961–1990)<ref name= GabesNOAA>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60765.TXT | title = Gabès Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = January 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60765&ano=2021&mes=8&day=1&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 |title=60765: Gabes (Tunisia) |author=<!-- Not stated --> |date= 31 July 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 1 August 2021|quote=}}</ref> }} {{Weather box | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Kasserine (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2017) | width = auto | collapsed = yes | Jan record high C = 25.2 | Feb record high C = 31.5 | Mar record high C = 33.0 | Apr record high C = 34.7 | May record high C = 41.7 | Jun record high C = 43.4 | Jul record high C = 43.6 | Aug record high C = 42.5 | Sep record high C = 40.3 | Oct record high C = 36.0 | Nov record high C = 31.6 | Dec record high C = 26.5 | year record high C = 43.6 | Jan high C = 13.7 | Feb high C = 15.1 | Mar high C = 18.4 | Apr high C = 21.5 | May high C = 26.8 | Jun high C = 32.1 | Jul high C = 35.9 | Aug high C = 35.1 | Sep high C = 29.7 | Oct high C = 25.1 | Nov high C = 18.7 | Dec high C = 14.7 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 7.9 | Feb mean C = 8.9 | Mar mean C = 12.4 | Apr mean C = 15.6 | May mean C = 20.1 | Jun mean C = 24.7 | Jul mean C = 28.0 | Aug mean C = 27.3 | Sep mean C = 22.6 | Oct mean C = 18.7 | Nov mean C = 12.5 | Dec mean C = 8.9 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 2.8 | Feb low C = 3.5 | Mar low C = 5.8 | Apr low C = 8.3 | May low C = 12.4 | Jun low C = 16.3 | Jul low C = 18.9 | Aug low C = 19.0 | Sep low C = 16.3 | Oct low C = 12.4 | Nov low C = 7.2 | Dec low C = 4.0 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -7.0 | Feb record low C = -6.0 | Mar record low C = -3.0 | Apr record low C = 0.0 | May record low C = 3.2 | Jun record low C = 8.0 | Jul record low C = 10.5 | Aug record low C = 12.0 | Sep record low C = 5.8 | Oct record low C = 0.5 | Nov record low C = -3.1 | Dec record low C = -6.5 | year record low C = -7.0 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 27.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 14.5 | Mar precipitation mm = 19.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 29.6 | May precipitation mm = 30.2 | Jun precipitation mm = 21.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 13.6 | Aug precipitation mm = 29.7 | Sep precipitation mm = 40.1 | Oct precipitation mm = 21.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 24.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 16.7 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 2.9 | Feb precipitation days = 2.2 | Mar precipitation days = 3.9 | Apr precipitation days = 4.3 | May precipitation days = 4.5 | Jun precipitation days = 3.1 | Jul precipitation days = 1.6 | Aug precipitation days = 3.6 | Sep precipitation days = 4.7 | Oct precipitation days = 3.7 | Nov precipitation days = 3.3 | Dec precipitation days = 2.3 | year precipitation days = | source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name=KasserineIMN1>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt | archive-date = 19 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f | title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2kasserine>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3 | title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990 | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMNextremeskesssarine>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30 | title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 3 February 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station kassserineID|The Station ID for Kasserine is 64646111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>}} }} {{Weather box | location = Kebili (1901–1953) | metric first = yes | single line = yes | collapsed = yes | width = auto | Jan record high C = 26.1 | Feb record high C = 33.9 | Mar record high C = 38.9 | Apr record high C = 43.9 | May record high C = 46.1 | Jun record high C = 53.9 | Jul record high C = 55.0 | Aug record high C = 53.9 | Sep record high C = 51.1 | Oct record high C = 45.0 | Nov record high C = 37.2 | Dec record high C = 27.8 | year record high C = 55.0 | Jan high C = 15.6 | Feb high C = 18.9 | Mar high C = 23.3 | Apr high C = 28.9 | May high C = 32.8 | Jun high C = 38.3 | Jul high C = 42.2 | Aug high C = 41.7 | Sep high C = 37.2 | Oct high C = 30.0 | Nov high C = 22.2 | Dec high C = 16.1 | year high C = 28.9 | Jan mean C = 9.4 | Feb mean C = 11.9 | Mar mean C = 15.8 | Apr mean C = 20.3 | May mean C = 24.2 | Jun mean C = 28.9 | Jul mean C = 31.9 | Aug mean C = 31.9 | Sep mean C = 28.9 | Oct mean C = 22.8 | Nov mean C = 15.6 | Dec mean C = 10.3 | year mean C = 21.0 | Jan low C = 3.3 | Feb low C = 5.0 | Mar low C = 8.3 | Apr low C = 11.7 | May low C = 15.6 | Jun low C = 19.4 | Jul low C = 21.7 | Aug low C = 22.2 | Sep low C = 20.6 | Oct low C = 15.6 | Nov low C = 8.9 | Dec low C = 4.4 | year low C = 13.1 | Jan record low C = -6.1 | Feb record low C = -6.1 | Mar record low C = -3.9 | Apr record low C = 0.0 | May record low C = 6.1 | Jun record low C = 12.2 | Jul record low C = 13.9 | Aug record low C = 11.1 | Sep record low C = 7.8 | Oct record low C = 1.1 | Nov record low C = -5.0 | Dec record low C = -7.2 | year record low C = -7.2 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 13 | Feb precipitation mm = 8 | Mar precipitation mm = 15 | Apr precipitation mm = 8 | May precipitation mm = 5 | Jun precipitation mm = 0 | Jul precipitation mm = 0 | Aug precipitation mm = 0 | Sep precipitation mm = 5 | Oct precipitation mm = 8 | Nov precipitation mm = 15 | Dec precipitation mm = 10 | year precipitation mm = 86 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 4 | Feb precipitation days = 3 | Mar precipitation days = 4 | Apr precipitation days = 2 | May precipitation days = 2 | Jun precipitation days = 1 | Jul precipitation days = 0 | Aug precipitation days = 1 | Sep precipitation days = 2 | Oct precipitation days = 3 | Nov precipitation days = 4 | Dec precipitation days = 3 | year precipitation days = 29 | source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref name = KebiliDWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_607640_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Kébili / Tunesien | work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = October 19, 2016}}</ref> | date=October 2014}}
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