Editing Geography of Qatar (section)

==Climate==
The long summer (June through September) is characterized by intense heat and alternating dryness and humidity, with temperatures exceeding {{convert|40|°C}}.<ref name="countrystudies" /> Temperatures are moderate from November to March,<ref name="countrystudies" /> ranging from as high as {{convert|39|°C}} in April to as low as {{convert|7|°C}} in January.<ref>Casey & Vine (1991), p. 69</ref> Rainfall averages {{convert|100|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} per year, confined to the winter months, and falling in brief storms which are occasionally heavy enough to flood the small ravines and the usually dry wadis.<ref name="countrystudies"/>

Sudden, violent dust storms occasionally descend on the peninsula, blotting out the sun, causing wind damage, and temporarily disrupting transport and other services.<ref name="countrystudies"/>

The scarcity of rainfall and the limited underground water, most of which has such a high mineral content that it is unsuitable for drinking or irrigation, severely restricted the population and the extent of agricultural and industrial development the country could support until desalination projects began.<ref name="countrystudies"/> Although water continues to be provided from underground sources, most is obtained by desalination of seawater.<ref name="countrystudies" />

{{Weather box
|location = Doha (1962–2013, extremes 1962–2013)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 32.4
|Feb record high C = 36.5
|Mar record high C = 41.5
|Apr record high C = 46.0
|May record high C = 47.7
|Jun record high C = 49.1
|Jul record high C = 50.4
|Aug record high C = 48.6
|Sep record high C = 46.2
|Oct record high C = 43.4
|Nov record high C = 38.0
|Dec record high C = 32.7
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 22.0
|Feb high C = 23.4
|Mar high C = 27.3
|Apr high C = 32.5
|May high C = 38.8
|Jun high C = 41.6
|Jul high C = 41.9
|Aug high C = 40.9
|Sep high C = 38.9
|Oct high C = 35.4
|Nov high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 24.4
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 17.8
|Feb mean C = 18.9
|Mar mean C = 22.3
|Apr mean C = 27.1
|May mean C = 32.5
|Jun mean C = 35.1
|Jul mean C = 36.1
|Aug mean C = 35.5
|Sep mean C = 33.3
|Oct mean C = 30.0
|Nov mean C = 25.0
|Dec mean C = 20.0
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 13.5
|Feb low C = 14.4
|Mar low C = 17.3
|Apr low C = 21.4
|May low C = 26.1
|Jun low C = 28.5
|Jul low C = 30.2
|Aug low C = 30.0
|Sep low C = 27.7
|Oct low C = 24.6
|Nov low C = 20.4
|Dec low C = 15.6
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 3.8
|Feb record low C = 1.5
|Mar record low C = 8.2
|Apr record low C = 10.5
|May record low C = 15.2
|Jun record low C = 21.0
|Jul record low C = 23.5
|Aug record low C = 22.4
|Sep record low C = 20.3
|Oct record low C = 16.6
|Nov record low C = 11.8
|Dec record low C = 6.4
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 13.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 17.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 16.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 8.7
|May precipitation mm = 3.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 1.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 12.1
|year precipitation mm =

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.7
|Feb precipitation days = 2.1
|Mar precipitation days = 1.8
|Apr precipitation days = 1.4
|May precipitation days = 0.2
|Jun precipitation days = 0.0
|Jul precipitation days = 0.0
|Aug precipitation days = 0.0
|Sep precipitation days = 0.0
|Oct precipitation days = 0.1
|Nov precipitation days = 0.2
|Dec precipitation days = 1.3
|year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 74
|Feb humidity = 70
|Mar humidity = 63
|Apr humidity = 53
|May humidity = 44
|Jun humidity = 41
|Jul humidity = 50
|Aug humidity = 58
|Sep humidity = 62
|Oct humidity = 63
|Nov humidity = 66
|Dec humidity = 74
|year humidity =

|Jan sun = 244.9
|Feb sun = 224.0
|Mar sun = 241.8
|Apr sun = 273.0
|May sun = 325.5
|Jun sun = 342.0
|Jul sun = 325.5
|Aug sun = 328.6
|Sep sun = 306.0
|Oct sun = 303.8
|Nov sun = 276.0
|Dec sun = 241.8
|year sun = 
|Jand sun = 7.9
|Febd sun = 8.0
|Mard sun = 7.8
|Aprd sun = 9.1
|Mayd sun = 10.5
|Jund sun = 11.4
|Juld sun = 10.5
|Augd sun = 10.6
|Sepd sun = 10.2
|Octd sun = 9.8
|Novd sun = 9.2
|Decd sun = 7.8
|yeard sun = 
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/QR/41170.TXT
| title = Doha International Airport Climate Normals 1962-1992
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = September 29, 2016}}</ref>
|source 2 = Qatar Meteorological Department (Climate Normals 1962–2013)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web
| url = http://www.qweather.gov.qa/ClimateInfo.aspx
| title = Climate Information For Doha
| publisher = Qatar Meteorological Department
| language = en
| access-date = November 27, 2016
| archive-date = November 27, 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220143/http://www.qweather.gov.qa/ClimateInfo.aspx
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=41170&ano=2021&mes=3&day=19&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30 |title=41170: Doha International Airport (Qatar) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 19 March 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 19 March 2021|quote=}}</ref>}}

{|style="text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"
|+Sea Climate Data For Doha
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|21.0}}"|21.0<br/>(69.8)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|19.4}}"|19.4<br/>(66.9)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|20.9}}"|20.9<br/>(69.6)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|23.3}}"|23.3<br/>(73.9)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|27.8}}"|27.8<br/>(82)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|30.5}}"|30.5<br/>(86.9)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|32.4}}"|32.4<br/>(90.3)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|33.6}}"|33.6<br/>(92.5)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|32.8}}"|32.8<br/>(91)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|30.8}}"|30.8<br/>(87.4)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|27.5}}"|27.5<br/>(81.5)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|23.5}}"|23.5<br/>(74.3)
| style="{{Weather box/colsea|26.9}}"|26.9<br/>(80.5)
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#ffffff;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;"|Source:<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/qatar/doha-march.htm |title = Doha Sea Temperature |website=seatemperature.org|access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref>
|}