Editing Geography of Myanmar (section)

==Climate==
{{See also|Climate of Myanmar}}
Tropical [[monsoon]] in the lowlands below {{convert|1000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April).

Myanmar has three seasons: the cool and drier northeast monsoon running from late October to mid-February, the hot and dry intermonsoonal season from mid-February to mid-May and the rainy southwest monsoon from mid-May to late-October.<ref name="btnnc"/> Colloquially, they are called the winter, summer and rainy seasons respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/MCCSAP-Feb-Version.pdf|title=Myanmar Climate Strategy and Action Plan (MCCSAP) 2016–2030|date=2 December 2018|website=asiapacificenergy.org|access-date=16 March 2022|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111042045/https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/sites/default/files/MCCSAP-Feb-Version.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The alternating mountain ranges and valleys create alternate zones of heavy and subdued precipitation during the monsoon season, with the majority of the country's precipitation coming from the southwest monsoons.

Climate varies in the highlands depending on elevation; subtropical temperate climate at around {{convert|2500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, temperate at {{convert|3000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, cool, alpine at {{convert|3500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and above the alpine zone, cold, harsh tundra and Arctic climate. The higher elevations are subject to heavy snowfall, especially in the north. Distance from the sea also affects temperature and inland highlands can experience daily temperature ranges spanning 22'F (12'C) despite the tropical latitude.<ref name="btnnc"/>

{{Weather box
|location = Yangon (Kaba–Aye) 1981–2010, extremes 1881–1990
|width = auto
| single line  = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| collapsed = Yes
| Jan record high C = 38.9
| Feb record high C = 38.9
| Mar record high C = 40.0
| Apr record high C = 41.1
| May record high C = 42.0
| Jun record high C = 37.8
| Jul record high C = 37.8
| Aug record high C = 34.4
| Sep record high C = 38.9
| Oct record high C = 37.8
| Nov record high C = 38.9
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 42.0
| Jan high C = 33.2
| Feb high C = 35.2
| Mar high C = 36.7
| Apr high C = 37.5
| May high C = 34.2
| Jun high C = 30.8
| Jul high C = 30.3
| Aug high C = 30.0
| Sep high C = 30.9
| Oct high C = 32.2
| Nov high C = 33.1
| Dec high C = 32.5
| year high C = 33.1
| Jan mean C = 24.8
| Feb mean C = 26.5
| Mar mean C = 28.6
| Apr mean C = 31.0
| May mean C = 29.2
| Jun mean C = 27.4
| Jul mean C = 26.8
| Aug mean C = 26.9
| Sep mean C = 27.5
| Oct mean C = 27.6
| Nov mean C = 27.3
| Dec mean C = 25.0
| year mean C = 27.4
| Jan low C = 16.7
| Feb low C = 18.4
| Mar low C = 21.0
| Apr low C = 23.8
| May low C = 24.3
| Jun low C = 23.6
| Jul low C = 23.2
| Aug low C = 23.2
| Sep low C = 23.2
| Oct low C = 23.1
| Nov low C = 21.3
| Dec low C = 17.8
| year low C = 21.6
| Jan record low C = 12.2
| Feb record low C = 13.3
| Mar record low C = 16.1
| Apr record low C = 20.0
| May record low C = 20.0
| Jun record low C = 20.0
| Jul record low C = 21.1
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 20.0
| Oct record low C = 20.0
| Nov record low C = 15.0
| Dec record low C = 9.2
| year record low C = 9.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.4
| Feb rain mm = 3.1
| Mar rain mm = 12.4
| Apr rain mm = 37.8
| May rain mm = 328.1
| Jun rain mm = 565.6
| Jul rain mm = 605.8
| Aug rain mm = 570.7
| Sep rain mm = 393.7
| Oct rain mm = 200.3
| Nov rain mm = 58.6
| Dec rain mm = 6.8
| year rain mm = 2783.3
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 1.6
| May rain days = 12.6
| Jun rain days = 25.3
| Jul rain days = 26.2
| Aug rain days = 26.1
| Sep rain days = 19.5
| Oct rain days = 12.2
| Nov rain days = 4.8
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 129.3
| Jan humidity = 62
| Feb humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 66
| May humidity = 73
| Jun humidity = 85
| Jul humidity = 86
| Aug humidity = 87
| Sep humidity = 85
| Oct humidity = 78
| Nov humidity = 71
| Dec humidity = 65
| year humidity = 74
| Jan sun = 300
| Feb sun = 272
| Mar sun = 290
| Apr sun = 292
| May sun = 181
| Jun sun = 80
| Jul sun = 77
| Aug sun = 92
| Sep sun = 97
| Oct sun = 203
| Nov sun = 280
| Dec sun = 288
| year sun = 2452
| source 1 = [[Norwegian Meteorological Institute]] (average high and average low, and precipitation 1981–2010),<ref name="metnoyangon">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archive-date = 8 October 2018 |url=http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf |title=Myanmar Climate Report |publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute |pages=26–36 | access-date = 8 October 2018}}</ref> World Meteorological Organization (rainy days 1961–1990),<ref name="YangonWMO">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161219094453/http://www.worldweather.org/180/c00232.htm| archive-date = 19 December 2016 |url=http://www.worldweather.org/180/c00232.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Yangon |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] | access-date = 8 May 2012}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes)<ref name = yangonDWD>{{cite web |url=https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480970_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Yangon (Rangun) / Myanmar (Birma) |work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=26 April 2018 |archive-date=10 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310021101/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480970_kt.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun and relative humidity 1931–1960),<ref name=DMIyangon>{{cite web |last1=Cappelen |first1=John |last2=Jensen |first2=Jens | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | archive-date=27 April 2013 |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |work=Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) |title=Myanmar – Rangoon |page=189 |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |language=da | access-date = 23 February 2013}}</ref> Myanmar Times (May record high and December record low)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cho |first1=Myo |url=http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no197/MyanmarTimes10-197/003.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184155/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no197/MyanmarTimes10-197/003.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |title=High of 40C, low of 13C in Yangon for 2003 |publisher=Government of Myanmar |access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1981–2010)<ref name=TCCyangon>
{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190113230104/https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=48097| archive-date = 13 January 2019 |url=https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=48097 |title=Normals Data: YANGON – MYANMAR Latitude: 16.77°N Longitude: 96.17°E Height: 14 (m) |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency| access-date = 13 January 2019}}</ref>
| date     = March 2011}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Naypyidaw
|collapsed= yes
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 30
|Feb high C = 34
|Mar high C = 36
|Apr high C = 38
|May high C = 35
|Jun high C = 32
|Jul high C = 31
|Aug high C = 30
|Sep high C = 32
|Oct high C = 32
|Nov high C = 31
|Dec high C = 29
|year high C = 32.5
|Jan low C = 14
|Feb low C = 16
|Mar low C = 20
|Apr low C = 24
|May low C = 25
|Jun low C = 24
|Jul low C = 24
|Aug low C = 24
|Sep low C = 24
|Oct low C = 23
|Nov low C = 20
|Dec low C = 16
|year low C = 21.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 5
|Feb precipitation mm = 2
|Mar precipitation mm = 9
|Apr precipitation mm = 33
|May precipitation mm = 154
|Jun precipitation mm = 160
|Jul precipitation mm = 198
|Aug precipitation mm = 229
|Sep precipitation mm = 186
|Oct precipitation mm = 131
|Nov precipitation mm = 37
|Dec precipitation mm = 7
|Jan precipitation days = 1
|Feb precipitation days = 0
|Mar precipitation days = 1
|Apr precipitation days = 3
|May precipitation days = 14
|Jun precipitation days = 21
|Jul precipitation days = 23
|Aug precipitation days = 24
|Sep precipitation days = 19
|Oct precipitation days = 12
|Nov precipitation days = 4
|Dec precipitation days = 1
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|source 1 = Weather2Travel.com. Retrieved 26 March 2013
}}

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location     = Mandalay (1981–2010, extremes 1889–present)
| metric first = yes
| single line  = yes
| collapsed = yes
|Jan record high C = 37.2
|Feb record high C = 39.2
|Mar record high C = 42.8
|Apr record high C = 48.0
|May record high C = 45.0
|Jun record high C = 42.0
|Jul record high C = 41.6
|Aug record high C = 39.8
|Sep record high C = 43.4
|Oct record high C = 39.2
|Nov record high C = 38.5
|Dec record high C = 34.0
|year record high C = 48.0
| Jan high C = 29.6
| Feb high C = 32.7
| Mar high C = 36.6
| Apr high C = 38.9
| May high C = 36.9
| Jun high C = 35.2
| Jul high C = 35.1
| Aug high C = 34.3
| Sep high C = 34.0
| Oct high C = 33.4
| Nov high C = 31.1
| Dec high C = 29.1
|year high C = 33.9
| Jan mean C = 21.9
| Feb mean C = 24.4
| Mar mean C = 28.8
| Apr mean C = 31.9
| May mean C = 31.3
| Jun mean C = 30.8
| Jul mean C = 30.8
| Aug mean C = 30.2
| Sep mean C = 29.7
| Oct mean C = 28.8
| Nov mean C = 25.7
| Dec mean C = 22.2
|year mean C = 28.0
| Jan low C = 13.7
| Feb low C = 16.0
| Mar low C = 20.4
| Apr low C = 24.7
| May low C = 25.9
| Jun low C = 26.1
| Jul low C = 26.2
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 25.4
| Oct low C = 24.0
| Nov low C = 19.9
| Dec low C = 15.4
|year low C = 22.0
|Jan record low C = 8.0
|Feb record low C = 10.0
|Mar record low C = 12.8
|Apr record low C = 13.0
|May record low C = 17.4
|Jun record low C = 20.0
|Jul record low C = 20.0
|Aug record low C = 19.5
|Sep record low C = 20.5
|Oct record low C = 18.5
|Nov record low C = 11.1
|Dec record low C = 7.6
|year record low C = 7.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.9
| Feb rain mm = 3.8
| Mar rain mm = 5.8
| Apr rain mm = 40.4
| May rain mm = 130.0
| Jun rain mm = 99.5
| Jul rain mm = 74.7
| Aug rain mm = 132.9
| Sep rain mm = 157.1
| Oct rain mm = 130.7
| Nov rain mm = 36.4
| Dec rain mm = 4.9
| year rain mm = 817.1
| Jan rain days = 0.4
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 3.3
| May rain days = 8.3
| Jun rain days = 7.2
| Jul rain days = 5.9
| Aug rain days = 8.7
| Sep rain days = 8.1
| Oct rain days = 6.8
| Nov rain days = 2.8
| Dec rain days = 0.7
| year rain days = 53.0
| Jan humidity = 68
| Feb humidity = 58
| Mar humidity = 49
| Apr humidity = 50
| May humidity = 66
| Jun humidity = 73
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 76
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 72
| year humidity = 68
| Jan sun = 309
| Feb sun = 280
| Mar sun = 301
| Apr sun = 291
| May sun = 267
| Jun sun = 208
| Jul sun = 182
| Aug sun = 168
| Sep sun = 215
| Oct sun = 223
| Nov sun = 269
| Dec sun = 278
| year sun = 2991
| source 1 = [[Norwegian Meteorological Institute]] (average high and average low, and rainfall 1981–2010),<ref name="metnomandalay">{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf |archive-date = 8 October 2018 |url=http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf |title=Myanmar Climate Report |publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute |pages=26–36 |access-date = 8 October 2018}}</ref> World Meteoroglogical Organization (rainy days 1961–1990),<ref name="WMOmandalay">{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120506125832/http://worldweather.wmo.int/180/c00588.htm| archive-date = 6 May 2012 |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/180/c00588.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Mandalay |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date = 23 February 2013}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (mean temperatures 1991–2010)<ref name = mandalayDWD>{{cite web |url=https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480420_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Mandale (Mandalay) / Myanmar (Birma) |work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224193000/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480420_kt.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

| source 2 = Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity, 1931–1960),<ref name=DMImandalay>{{cite web |last1=Cappelen |first1=John |last2=Jensen |first2=Jens |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2013 |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |work=Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) |title=Myanmar – Mandalay |page=188 |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |language=da |access-date = 23 February 2013}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),<ref name = meteoclimatmandalay>{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1512 |title=Station Mandalay |publisher=Meteo Climat |language=fr |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328202103/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1512 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| date     = January 2016}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Myitkyina (1981-2010, extremes 1951-present)
|metric first = Yes 
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 35.0
|Feb record high C = 35.0
|Mar record high C = 38.0
|Apr record high C = 41.1
|May record high C = 42.0
|Jun record high C = 40.2
|Jul record high C = 38.3
|Aug record high C = 38.5
|Sep record high C = 37.5
|Oct record high C = 36.2
|Nov record high C = 38.5
|Dec record high C = 35.5
|year record high C = 42.0
|Jan high C = 25.3
|Feb high C = 27.5
|Mar high C = 30.4
|Apr high C = 32.6
|May high C = 33.3
|Jun high C = 31.6
|Jul high C = 30.5
|Aug high C = 32.0
|Sep high C = 31.7
|Oct high C = 30.9
|Nov high C = 28.4
|Dec high C = 25.8
|year high C = 30.0
| Jan mean C = 18.0
| Feb mean C = 20.3
| Mar mean C = 23.9
| Apr mean C = 26.6
| May mean C = 27.6
| Jun mean C = 27.9
| Jul mean C = 27.7
| Aug mean C = 28.3
| Sep mean C = 28.1
| Oct mean C = 26.2
| Nov mean C = 22.5
| Dec mean C = 18.8
| year mean C = 24.9
|Jan low C = 10.4
|Feb low C = 12.9
|Mar low C = 16.3
|Apr low C = 19.7
|May low C = 22.3
|Jun low C = 24.3
|Jul low C = 24.5
|Aug low C = 24.6
|Sep low C = 23.9
|Oct low C = 21.5
|Nov low C = 16.2
|Dec low C = 11.9
|year low C = 19.0
|Jan record low C = 3.0
|Feb record low C = 7.5
|Mar record low C = 10.0
|Apr record low C = 10.0
|May record low C = 16.1
|Jun record low C = 18.1
|Jul record low C = 18.0
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 19.8
|Oct record low C = 15.0
|Nov record low C = 8.0
|Dec record low C = 3.0
|year record low C = 3.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 9.9
|Feb rain mm = 21.0
|Mar rain mm = 24.0
|Apr rain mm = 54.0
|May rain mm = 218.5
|Jun rain mm = 549.2
|Jul rain mm = 543.0
|Aug rain mm = 398.3
|Sep rain mm = 294.7
|Oct rain mm = 170.6
|Nov rain mm = 25.1
|Dec rain mm = 11.7
|year rain mm = 2320.0
|unit rain days = 0.3 mm
| Jan rain days = 2
| Feb rain days = 7
| Mar rain days = 5
| Apr rain days = 8
| May rain days = 15
| Jun rain days = 25
| Jul rain days = 27
| Aug rain days = 28
| Sep rain days = 19
| Oct rain days = 11
| Nov rain days = 3
| Dec rain days = 2
| year rain days = 152
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 68
| Mar humidity = 64
| Apr humidity = 64
| May humidity = 72
| Jun humidity = 83
| Jul humidity = 89
| Aug humidity = 87
| Sep humidity = 85
| Oct humidity = 83
| Nov humidity = 79
| Dec humidity = 78
| year humidity = 77
| source 1 = [[Norwegian Meteorological Institute]],<ref name="metno">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archive-date = 8 October 2018 | url = http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | title = Myanmar Climate Report | publisher = Norwegian Meteorological Institute | pages =26–36  | access-date = 8 October 2018}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (mean temperatures 1991–2010, rainy days 1896–1940, humidity 1963–1988)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480080_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Myitkyina / Myanmar (Birma)
| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| language = de
| access-date = 6 November 2018
| archive-date = 2 January 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200102212223/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_480080_kt.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1511-Myitkyina.php 
| title = Station Myitkyina 
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
| language = fr 
| access-date = 10 October 2018 
| archive-date = 2 January 2020 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200102212215/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-1511-Myitkyina.php 
| url-status = live 
}}</ref>
}}