Editing Geography of Gabon (section)

==Climate==
The equatorial location of Gabon means that it has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Am'') and a [[tropical savanna climate]] (Köppen ''Aw''), with the temperature being hot year-round and humid, although the [[Benguela Current]] can moderate temperatures.

{{Weather box|width = auto
|collapsed = yes
|location = Libreville (1961&ndash;1990)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 29.5
|Feb high C = 30.0
|Mar high C = 30.2
|Apr high C = 30.1
|May high C = 29.4
|Jun high C = 27.6
|Jul high C = 26.4
|Aug high C = 26.8
|Sep high C = 27.5
|Oct high C = 28.0
|Nov high C = 28.4
|Dec high C = 29.0
|year high C = 28.6
|Jan mean C = 26.8
|Feb mean C = 27.0
|Mar mean C = 27.1
|Apr mean C = 26.6
|May mean C = 26.7
|Jun mean C = 25.4
|Jul mean C = 24.3
|Aug mean C = 24.3
|Sep mean C = 25.4
|Oct mean C = 25.7
|Nov mean C = 25.9
|Dec mean C = 26.2
|year mean C = 25.9
|Jan low C = 24.1
|Feb low C = 24.0
|Mar low C = 23.9
|Apr low C = 23.1
|May low C = 24.0
|Jun low C = 23.2
|Jul low C = 22.1
|Aug low C = 21.8
|Sep low C = 23.2
|Oct low C = 23.4
|Nov low C = 23.4
|Dec low C = 23.4
|year low C = 23.3
|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm = 250.3
|Feb rain mm = 243.1
|Mar rain mm = 363.2
|Apr rain mm = 339.0
|May rain mm = 247.3
|Jun rain mm = 54.1
|Jul rain mm = 6.6
|Aug rain mm = 13.7
|Sep rain mm = 104.0
|Oct rain mm = 427.2
|Nov rain mm = 490.0
|Dec rain mm = 303.2
|year rain mm = 2841.7
|Jan rain days = 17.9
|Feb rain days = 14.8
|Mar rain days = 19.5
|Apr rain days = 19.2
|May rain days = 16.0
|Jun rain days = 3.7
|Jul rain days = 1.7
|Aug rain days = 4.9
|Sep rain days = 14.5
|Oct rain days = 25.0
|Nov rain days = 22.6
|Dec rain days = 17.6
|year rain days = 177.4
|Jan humidity = 86
|Feb humidity = 84
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 84
|May humidity = 84
|Jun humidity = 81
|Jul humidity = 81
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 87
|Nov humidity = 87
|Dec humidity = 86
|year humidity = 84
|Jan sun = 175.2
|Feb sun = 176.8
|Mar sun = 176.9
|Apr sun = 176.8
|May sun = 159.5
|Jun sun = 130.6
|Jul sun = 119.2
|Aug sun = 90.4
|Sep sun = 95.9
|Oct sun = 112.9
|Nov sun = 134.6
|Dec sun = 167.8
|year sun = 1716.6
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAALibreville>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64500.TXT
| title = Libreville Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = September 10, 2015}}</ref>
|date=March 2011

}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|collapsed = yes
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Port-Gentil (1961–1990, extremes 1950–present)
|Jan record high C=32.6
|Feb record high C=38.0
|Mar record high C=34.6
|Apr record high C=33.7
|May record high C=33.2
|Jun record high C=33.2
|Jul record high C=30.8
|Aug record high C=33.1
|Sep record high C=33.3
|Oct record high C=33.0
|Nov record high C=34.0
|Dec record high C=35.0
|year record high C=38.0

|Jan high C=29.5
|Feb high C=30.2
|Mar high C=30.3
|Apr high C=30.0
|May high C=29.0
|Jun high C=26.7
|Jul high C=25.9
|Aug high C=27.4
|Sep high C=27.7
|Oct high C=28.3
|Nov high C=28.6
|Dec high C=29.0
|year high C=28.5

|Jan mean C=26.9
|Feb mean C=27.3
|Mar mean C=27.3
|Apr mean C=27.1
|May mean C=26.6
|Jun mean C=24.4
|Jul mean C=23.5
|Aug mean C=24.7
|Sep mean C=25.4
|Oct mean C=25.9
|Nov mean C=26.1
|Dec mean C=26.5
|year mean C=26.0

|Jan low C=24.2
|Feb low C=24.4
|Mar low C=24.3
|Apr low C=24.2
|May low C=24.1
|Jun low C=22.0
|Jul low C=21.1
|Aug low C=21.9
|Sep low C=23.0
|Oct low C=23.5
|Nov low C=23.5
|Dec low C=24.0
|year low C=23.3

|Jan record low C=17.6
|Feb record low C=19.4
|Mar record low C=19.5
|Apr record low C=18.0
|May record low C=19.0
|Jun record low C=16.4
|Jul record low C=16.0
|Aug record low C=13.2
|Sep record low C=18.2
|Oct record low C=19.5
|Nov record low C=15.8
|Dec record low C=18.2
|year record low C=13.2

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=247.8
|Feb precipitation mm=177.8
|Mar precipitation mm=266.8
|Apr precipitation mm=299.3
|May precipitation mm=150.6
|Jun precipitation mm=11.5
|Jul precipitation mm=3.4
|Aug precipitation mm=5.0
|Sep precipitation mm=31.8
|Oct precipitation mm=179.9
|Nov precipitation mm=352.2
|Dec precipitation mm=227.1
|year precipitation mm=1953.2

|Jan humidity=84
|Feb humidity=84
|Mar humidity=83
|Apr humidity=84
|May humidity=85
|Jun humidity=84
|Jul humidity=83
|Aug humidity=82
|Sep humidity=82
|Oct humidity=84
|Nov humidity=86
|Dec humidity=84
|year humidity=84

|Jan precipitation days = 14.8
|Feb precipitation days = 12.7
|Mar precipitation days = 16.4
|Apr precipitation days = 15.5
|May precipitation days = 10.2
|Jun precipitation days = 0.9
|Jul precipitation days = 0.5
|Aug precipitation days = 3.4
|Sep precipitation days = 9.0
|Oct precipitation days = 17.4
|Nov precipitation days = 19.6
|Dec precipitation days = 13.9
|year precipitation days = 134.3

|Jan sun = 150.4
|Feb sun = 160.8
|Mar sun = 154.5
|Apr sun = 151.5
|May sun = 147.8
|Jun sun = 156.3
|Jul sun = 163.1
|Aug sun = 135.3
|Sep sun = 125.7
|Oct sun = 116.1
|Nov sun = 115.1
|Dec sun = 147.2
|year sun = 1723.8

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= GentilNOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64501.TXT
| title = Port-Gentil Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = March 8, 2015}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = gentilmeteoclimat>
{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1519
| title = Station Port Gentil
| publisher = Meteo Climat
|language = fr
| access-date = 11 June 2016}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Lambaréné (1961–1990)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|width = auto
|collapsed = yes
|Jan high C = 31.5
|Feb high C = 32.2
|Mar high C = 32.3
|Apr high C = 32.5
|May high C = 31.3
|Jun high C = 28.9
|Jul high C = 27.9
|Aug high C = 28.4
|Sep high C = 30.0
|Oct high C = 31.0
|Nov high C = 30.8
|Dec high C = 30.9
|year high C = 30.6
|Jan mean C = 27.2
|Feb mean C = 27.6
|Mar mean C = 27.6
|Apr mean C = 27.8
|May mean C = 27.2
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jul mean C = 23.9
|Aug mean C = 24.7
|Sep mean C = 26.1
|Oct mean C = 26.9
|Nov mean C = 26.9
|Dec mean C = 27.1
|year mean C = 26.5
|Jan low C = 22.9
|Feb low C = 22.9
|Mar low C = 22.8
|Apr low C = 23.1
|May low C = 23.1
|Jun low C = 21.7
|Jul low C = 19.9
|Aug low C = 20.9
|Sep low C = 22.2
|Oct low C = 22.8
|Nov low C = 23.0
|Dec low C = 23.2
|year low C = 22.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 175.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 145.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 253.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 212.8
|May precipitation mm = 162.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 20.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 6.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 71.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 347.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 393.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 172.0
|year precipitation mm = 1968.9
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 81
|Mar humidity = 81
|Apr humidity = 81
|May humidity = 83
|Jun humidity = 84
|Jul humidity = 82
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 81
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 84
|year humidity = 82
|Jan precipitation days = 12.1
|Feb precipitation days = 10.7
|Mar precipitation days = 15.0
|Apr precipitation days = 14.1
|May precipitation days = 13.8
|Jun precipitation days = 2.9
|Jul precipitation days = 2.1
|Aug precipitation days = 5.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 21.9
|Nov precipitation days = 20.8
|Dec precipitation days = 12.5
|year precipitation days = 140.6
|Jan sun = 142.9
|Feb sun = 145.2
|Mar sun = 145.1
|Apr sun = 143.1
|May sun = 123.9
|Jun sun = 74.2
|Jul sun = 70.6
|Aug sun = 53.4
|Sep sun = 55.9
|Oct sun = 70.9
|Nov sun = 117.1
|Dec sun = 129.4
|year sun = 1271.7
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAALambaréné>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64551.TXT
| title = Lambarn (Lambaréné) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = 6 November 2016}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Makokou (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|width = auto
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high C = 34.0
|Feb record high C = 41.5
|Mar record high C = 37.0
|Apr record high C = 39.5
|May record high C = 41.1
|Jun record high C = 37.3
|Jul record high C = 32.5
|Aug record high C = 33.0
|Sep record high C = 35.4
|Oct record high C = 37.2
|Nov record high C = 36.0
|Dec record high C = 33.5
|year record high C = 41.5
|Jan high C = 29.2
|Feb high C = 30.1
|Mar high C = 30.5
|Apr high C = 30.5
|May high C = 29.8
|Jun high C = 27.7
|Jul high C = 25.8
|Aug high C = 26.6
|Sep high C = 28.7
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 28.7
|Dec high C = 27.6
|year high C = 28.7
|Jan mean C = 24.4
|Feb mean C = 24.9
|Mar mean C = 25.2
|Apr mean C = 25.3
|May mean C = 24.8
|Jun mean C = 23.4
|Jul mean C = 22.2
|Aug mean C = 22.5
|Sep mean C = 24.0
|Oct mean C = 24.4
|Nov mean C = 24.1
|Dec mean C = 23.5
|year mean C = 24.1
|Jan low C = 19.5
|Feb low C = 19.7
|Mar low C = 19.8
|Apr low C = 20.0
|May low C = 19.8
|Jun low C = 19.0
|Jul low C = 18.6
|Aug low C = 18.4
|Sep low C = 19.2
|Oct low C = 19.5
|Nov low C = 19.5
|Dec low C = 19.3
|year low C = 19.4
|Jan record low C = 15.9
|Feb record low C = 15.0
|Mar record low C = 16.3
|Apr record low C = 16.6
|May record low C = 16.8
|Jun record low C = 14.2
|Jul record low C = 11.5
|Aug record low C = 13.0
|Sep record low C = 13.5
|Oct record low C = 15.0
|Nov record low C = 17.0
|Dec record low C = 15.2
|year record low C = 11.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 88.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 106.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 190.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 206.7
|May precipitation mm = 187.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 9.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 29.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 142.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 297.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 225.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 103.3
|year precipitation mm = 1641.0
|Jan humidity = 82
|Feb humidity = 79
|Mar humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 79
|May humidity = 80
|Jun humidity = 83
|Jul humidity = 85
|Aug humidity = 83
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 80
|Nov humidity = 81
|Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 81
|Jan precipitation days = 7.3
|Feb precipitation days = 8.9
|Mar precipitation days = 13.7
|Apr precipitation days = 14.7
|May precipitation days = 15.4
|Jun precipitation days = 6.5
|Jul precipitation days = 2.6
|Aug precipitation days = 3.6
|Sep precipitation days = 11.2
|Oct precipitation days = 20.9
|Nov precipitation days = 17.9
|Dec precipitation days = 8.8
|year precipitation days = 131.5
|Jan sun = 131.6
|Feb sun = 137.4
|Mar sun = 158.2
|Apr sun = 160.5
|May sun = 150.4
|Jun sun = 101.5
|Jul sun = 60.9
|Aug sun = 58.1
|Sep sun = 95.5
|Oct sun = 134.1
|Nov sun = 132.3
|Dec sun = 122.8
|year sun = 1443.3
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= MakokouNOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/GN/64556.TXT
| title = Makokou Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = 6 November 2016}}</ref>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = Makokoumeteoclimat>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1522
| title = Station Makokou
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
| language = French 
| accessdate = 6 November 2016}}</ref>
}}

=== Climate change ===
Gabon is highly vulnerable to [[climate change]] due to its dense coastal population, economic hubs along the shore, and dependence on [[Rainfed agriculture|rain-fed agriculture]].<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |title=Gabon |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/gabon# |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Sea level rise|Rising sea levels]] threaten to erode the coastline and contaminate freshwater sources with saltwater. The country is already experiencing more frequent and severe [[extreme weather]] events, such as floods, droughts, and storms, which damage infrastructure, displace communities, and disrupt [[food security]] and livelihoods.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Othering & Belonging Institute |title=Gabon Case Study |url=https://belonging.berkeley.edu/climatedisplacement/case-studies/gabon |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=belonging.berkeley.edu}}</ref>

To adapt, Gabon prioritises protecting its coastal areas, as well as its fishing, agriculture, and forestry industries.<ref name=":17" /> Gabon's vast forests act as a net [[carbon sink]].<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=UNDP Biofin |title=Gabon |url=https://www.biofin.org/gabon#: |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=BIOFIN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite book |last=UNFCCC |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/FSVR1_GAB_Jun2024.pdf |title=Record of the facilitative sharing of views at the sixtieth session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation: Gabon |publication-date=5 August 2024}}</ref> It is recognized as a global leader in [[climate action]] and is widely considered the most carbon-positive country in the world, due to its strong conservation efforts.<ref name=":18" /> However, Gabon’s economy remains heavily dependent on oil and other natural resources, leaving it exposed to global market shifts and climate-related risks. In 2023, the country accounted for just over 0.04% of global [[greenhouse gas emissions]] (24.7 million tonnes). Gabon has pledged to stay [[Net-zero emissions|carbon neutral]] beyond 2050 and, with adequate support, aims to maintain net carbon removals of 100 million tons CO₂ equivalent per year beyond that date.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |last=Climate Watch |title=Gabon |url=https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/GAB?end_year=2021&start_year=1990 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.climatewatchdata.org}}</ref> It also seeks to expand its [[renewable energy]] sector.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=National Climate Plan (Plan Climat) - Climate Change Laws of the World |url=https://climate-laws.org/document/national-climate-plan-plan-climat_082c |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=climate-laws.org}}</ref>