Editing Geography of Croatia (section)

===Border disputes===
{{see also|Croatia–Slovenia border disputes|Island of Šarengrad|Island of Vukovar}}

====Maritime border disputes====
Croatia and Slovenia started negotiations to define maritime borders in the [[Gulf of Piran]] in 1992 but failed to agree, resulting in a dispute. Both countries also declared their economic zones, which partially overlap.<ref name="Geoadria-Borders"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukom.gov.si/fileadmin/ukom.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti/dogodki/Kronologije_arhiv/chronology05.pdf |title=Chronology of Events 2005 |publisher=Government Communication Office, Republic of Slovenia |access-date=25 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719011408/http://www.ukom.gov.si/fileadmin/ukom.gov.si/pageuploads/dokumenti/dogodki/Kronologije_arhiv/chronology05.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Croatia's application to become an [[Member state of the European Union|EU member state]] was initially suspended pending resolution of its border disputes with Slovenia.<ref name="Geoadria-Borders">{{cite journal|journal=Geoadria|publisher=University of Zadar|issn=1331-2294|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=71443|title=The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea|first1=Mladen|last1=Klemenčić|first2=Duško|last2=Topalović|pages=311–324|volume=14|issue=2|date=December 2009|access-date=1 February 2012|doi=10.15291/geoadria.555|doi-access=free}}</ref> These were eventually settled with an agreement to accept the decision of an [[international arbitration]] commission set up via the [[United Nations|UN]], enabling Croatia to [[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|progress towards EU membership]].<ref name=BBC2009>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8250441.stm|title=Slovenia unblocks Croatian EU bid |work=BBC News|access-date=12 September 2009| date=11 September 2009}}</ref><ref name=BBC2010>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10248037|title=Slovenia backs Croatia border deal in referendum vote |work=BBC News|access-date=7 June 2010 | date=6 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=Durham /> The dispute has caused no major practical problems in areas other than the EU membership negotiations progress, even before the arbitration agreement.<ref name="Geoadria-Borders"/>

The maritime boundary between Bosnia–Herzegovina and Croatia was formally settled in 1999, but a few issues are still contested—the [[Klek (peninsula)|Klek peninsula]] and two islets in the border area. The Croatia–Montenegro maritime boundary is disputed in the [[Bay of Kotor]], at the Prevlaka peninsula. The situation was exacerbated by the peninsula's occupation by the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] and later by the [[Military of Serbia and Montenegro|Serbian-Montenegrin army]], which in turn was replaced by a [[United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka|United Nations observer mission]] that lasted until 2002. Croatia took over the area with an agreement that allowed Montenegrin presence in Croatian waters in the bay, and the dispute has become far less contentious since the independence of Montenegro in 2006.<ref name="Geoadria-Borders"/>

====Land border disputes====
The land border disputes pertain to comparatively small strips of land. The [[Croatia–Slovenia border disputes]] are: along the [[Dragonja]] River's lower course where Slovenia claims three [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] on the river's left bank; the [[Sveta Gera]] peak of Žumberak where exact territorial claims were never made and appear to be limited to a military barracks on the peak itself; and along the [[Mur (river)|Mura River]] where Slovenia wants the border to be along the current river bed instead of along a former one and claims a (largely if not completely uninhabited) piece of land near [[Hotiza]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Večernji list|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/zaljevski-rat-na-piranski-nacin/197290/|language=hr|title=Zaljevski rat na piranski način|trans-title=Gulf War in the Bay of Piran|date=7 March 2009|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Vjesnik|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=F352D8B7-0206-40C4-9C36-D419147EEFE1|archive-date=14 June 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120614103345/http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=F352D8B7-0206-40C4-9C36-D419147EEFE1|language=hr|title=Zasad četiri sporne točke zbog granice na moru i kopnu|trans-title=Four contested points of the land and sea borders so far|date=22 January 2012|access-date=1 March 2012|first=Marko|last=Barišić|url-status=dead}}</ref> These claims are likewise in the process of being settled by binding arbitration.<ref name=BBC2009 /><ref name=BBC2010 /><ref name=Durham>{{cite news|url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/news/boundary_news/?itemno=12176|access-date=14 March 2012|title=Croatia and Slovenia submit arbitration agreement to UN|publisher=Durham University}}</ref>

There are also land [[Croatia-Serbia border dispute|border disputes between Croatia and Serbia]]. The two countries presently control one bank of the present-day river each, but Croatia claims that the border line should follow the [[cadastral]] borders between the former municipalities of [[SR Croatia]] and [[SR Serbia]] along the Danube, as defined by a Yugoslav commission in 1947 (effectively following a former river bed); borders claimed by Croatia also include the [[Island of Vukovar|Vukovar]] and [[Island of Šarengrad|Šarengrad]] islands in the Danube as its territory.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Večernji list|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/granicni-spor-hrvatskom-usporit-ce-put-srbije-eu-clanak-154535|language=hr|title=Granični spor s Hrvatskom usporit će put Srbije u EU|trans-title=Border dispute with Croatia will slow down Serbia's accession to the EU|date=13 June 2010|access-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> There is also a border dispute with Bosnia–Herzegovina,<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Dnevni avaz|language=bs|url=http://www.dnevniavaz.ba/vijesti/teme/78512-sastanak-celnika-bih-hrvatske-i-srbije-protekao-mirno-i-bez-rezultata-tadic-odbio-priznati-da-je-rs-nastala-na-genocidu.html|title=Sastanak na Jahorini bez rezultata: Tadić odbio priznati da je RS nastala na genocidu|trans-title=Meeting on Jahorina without any results: Tadić refuses to admit that the Republika Srpska was created through genocide|date=4 February 2012|access-date=1 March 2012|first=A|last=Dučić|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308141750/http://www.dnevniavaz.ba/vijesti/teme/78512-sastanak-celnika-bih-hrvatske-i-srbije-protekao-mirno-i-bez-rezultata-tadic-odbio-priznati-da-je-rs-nastala-na-genocidu.html|archive-date=8 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> specifically Croatia claims Unčica [[meander|channel]] on the right bank of [[Una (Sava)|Una]] as the border at [[Hrvatska Kostajnica]],<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of the Interior (Croatia)|url=http://sisacko-moslavacka.policija.hr/MainPu.aspx?id=14556|title=Policijska postaja Hrvatska Kostajnica|trans-title=Hrvatska Kostajnica police station|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917022310/http://sisacko-moslavacka.policija.hr/MainPu.aspx?id=14556|archive-date=17 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> while Bosnia and Herzegovina claims Una River course as the border there.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Glas Srpske|language=sr|title=Granični sporovi sa Srbijom i Hrvatskom ostaju na čekanju|trans-title=Border dispute with Serbia and Croatia remain on hold|url=http://www.glassrpske.com/novosti/vijesti_dana/Granicni-sporovi-sa-Srbijom-i-Hrvatskom-ostaju-na-cekanju/lat/58204.html|date=23 May 2011|author=Svjetlana Tadić|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref>