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Gender marking in job titles
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==Languages other than English== {{further|Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender}} When words have a [[grammatical gender]] associated with them, in many languages, they may impose [[Morphology (linguistics)|morphological]] requirements to maintain sentence agreement. That is, there is a non-political content to the word changes, or [[inflection]]. Nevertheless, gender-identification word endings are sometimes dropped, something that happened often in the former [[East Germany]], for example.<ref>{{cite web |first=Benita |last=Blessing |url=http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=120621159894102 |title=Review of: Mary Fulbrook, ''The People's State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker'' |work=H-Net |location=New Haven |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |date=June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611023253/http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=120621159894102 |archive-date=11 June 2007 |isbn=978-0-300-10884-2}}</ref> Sometimes an entirely new or etymologically unrelated word is coined. For example, when men in France wanted to become [[Midwife|midwives]], which up until then was an exclusively female occupation, they chose not to adapt the existing term {{lang|fr|sage-femme}} ('wise woman'), and instead coined {{lang|fr|maïeuticien}}. In German, feminine job titles are usually created by adding -''in'' to the grammatically masculine word in question. For example, the general grammatically masculine term for train driver is {{lang|de|Lokführer}} (singular or plural). This yields the feminine form {{lang|de|Lokführerin}} (plural: {{lang|de|Lokführerinnen}}). One convention in German for gender-neutral language is adding a [[gender star]], e.g. "{{lang|de|Lokführer*innen}}", which is used to refer to train drivers of all genders. For job listings, if the [[generic he|generic masculine form]] is used, the [[Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache]] recommends adding an explanatory note "(männlich/weiblich/divers)" or "(m/w/d)", indicating the role is open to persons of all genders.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gfds.de/standpunkt-der-gfds-zu-einer-geschlechtergerechten-sprache/#Klammerzusatz |title=Leitlinien der GFDS zu den Möglichkeiten des Genderings |work=[[Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache]] |access-date=6 September 2024 |date=August 2020 |quote=Wird ein generisches Maskulinum verwendet, kann durch einen sich anschließenden Zusatz in Klammern deutlich gemacht werden, welche Geschlechter gemeint sind. Dies eignet sich besonders in Stellenanzeigen, weniger jedoch im Fließtext: Statt: ''Wir suchen Maler''. Besser so: ''Wir suchen Maler (m/w/d[ivers, Anm. d. Verf.])''.}}</ref> In contrast, the German military does not have separate gendered [[Military rank|ranks]]. Even though the [[Grammatical gender in German#Professions|grammatically female form]] of ''Arzt'' is ''Ärztin'', the correct form of address for a female [[Stabsarzt|medical officer]] is "''Frau Stabsarzt''" and not "''Frau Stabsärztin''".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lr-online.de/nachrichten/aerztin-aus-doberlug-kirchhain-im-bundeswehreinsatz-in-kundus-33483494.html |title= Ärztin aus Doberlug-Kirchhain im Bundeswehreinsatz in Kundus |date=30 October 2003 |website=[[Lausitzer Rundschau]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article189989647/Genderdebatte-Wann-gibt-s-die-Hauptfrau-bei-der-Bundeswehr.html |title=Wird „Frau Hauptmann“ zur „Hauptmännin“ oder „Hauptfrau“? |date=March 8, 2019 |first=Gerhard |last=Hegmann |work=[[Die Welt]] |accessdate=February 12, 2021 }}</ref>
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