Editing Gates Foundation (section)

==Activities==
=== Program areas and grant database ===
To maintain its status as a [[List of charitable foundations|charitable foundation]], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation must donate funds equal to at least five percent of its assets each year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Private Family Foundations |url=http://www.savewealth.com/planning/estate/foundations/ |work=SaveWealth |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2014 |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331153919/http://www.savewealth.com/planning/estate/foundations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of April 2014, the foundation is organized into four program areas under chief executive officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann, who "sets strategic priorities, monitors results, and facilitates relationships with key partners":<ref>{{cite web |title=Susan Desmond-Hellmann |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Susan-Desmond-Hellman |work=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=June 2, 2014 |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194755/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Susan-Desmond-Hellman |archive-date=June 2, 2014 }}</ref>
* Global Development Division
* Global Health Division
* United States Division
* Global Policy & Advocacy Division
* Global Growth & Opportunity Division<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/what-we-do |title=What We Do |work=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=May 29, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624131547/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/what-we-do |archive-date= Jun 24, 2018 }}</ref>

The foundation maintains an online database of grants.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=How We Work – Grantmaking |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=April 6, 2014 |archive-date=April 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408212512/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Open access policy ===
[[File:Life expectancy in 1800, 1950, and 2015.png|thumb|Life expectancy in 1800, 1950, and 2015 – visualization by [[Our World in Data]]]]

In November 2014, the Gates Foundation announced that they were adopting an [[Open access mandate|open access (OA) policy]] for [[open access (publishing)|publications]] and [[open science data|data]], "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2014/11/Knowledge-is-Power |title=Knowledge is Power: Sharing Information Can Accelerate Global Health Impact |date=November 20, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |website=Impatient Optimists |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref> Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/11/gates-foundation-announces-worlds-strongest-policy-on-open-access-research.html |title=Gates Foundation announces world's strongest policy on open access research |website=News blog Nature.com |access-date=January 23, 2015 |date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=March 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316044529/http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/11/gates-foundation-announces-worlds-strongest-policy-on-open-access-research.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of January 1, 2015, their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/General-Information/Open-Access-Policy |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy |access-date=April 7, 2015 |website=Website of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408034457/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/how-we-work/general-information/open-access-policy |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2017, it was confirmed that the open access policy, [[Gates Open Research]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gatesopenresearch.org/ |title=Gates Open Research |website=gatesopenresearch.org |access-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726170512/https://gatesopenresearch.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> would be based on the same initiative launched in 2016 by [[Wellcome Trust]] in their Wellcome Open Research policy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/ |title=Wellcome Open Research provides all Wellcome researchers with a place to rapidly publish any results they think are worth sharing. |website=wellcomeopenresearch.org |access-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-date=July 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701004101/https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> launched in partnership with [[F1000Research|F1000 Research]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/gates-foundation-joins-shift-towards-open-access-platforms |title=Gates Foundation joins shift towards open access platforms |date=March 23, 2017 |work=Times Higher Education (THE) |access-date=March 24, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=March 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324090102/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/gates-foundation-joins-shift-towards-open-access-platforms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Butler |first=Declan |title=Gates Foundation announces open-access publishing venture |journal=Nature |volume=543 |issue=7647 |pages=599 |language=en |doi=10.1038/nature.2017.21700 |pmid=28358109 |year=2017 |bibcode=2017Natur.543..599B |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Gates Foundation supported [[Our World in Data]], one of the world's largest open-access publications.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2016/08/OPP1152680 |title=OPP1152680 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en |access-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321050450/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2016/08/OPP1152680 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bill Gates called the publication his "favorite website".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Max-Roser-three-facts-everyone-should-know |title=Memorizing these three statistics will help you understand the world |last=Roser |first=Max |website=gatesnotes.com |access-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726170417/https://www.gatesnotes.com/Max-Roser-three-facts-everyone-should-know |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2024, the Gates Foundation announced a "preprint-centric" open access policy, and their intention to stop paying article-processing charges.<ref name="Lenharo 2024 b052">{{cite journal |last1=Lenharo |first1=Mariana |title=Will the Gates Foundation's preprint-centric policy help open access? |journal=Nature |date=4 April 2024 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-00996-8 |pmid=38575826 }}</ref>

===Funds for grants in developing countries===
The following table lists the BMGF's committed funding as recorded in their [[International Aid Transparency Initiative]] (IATI) publications. The BMGF announced in October 2013 that it would join the IATI.<ref name=joiniati>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/General-Information/Information-Sharing-Approach/International-Aid-Transparency-Initiative |title=International Aid Transparency Initiative |access-date=September 2, 2016 |publisher=Gates Foundation}}</ref> The IATI publications only include a subset of BMGF grants (mainly excluding grants to developed countries), and contain few grants before 2009 (which are entirely excluded from the table). The BMGF states on the IATI Registry site that "reporting starts from 2009 and excludes grants related to our US programs and grants that if published could harm our employees, grantees, partners, or the beneficiaries of our work".<ref name=iatiabout>{{cite web |url=https://www.iatiregistry.org/publisher/about/bmgf |access-date=September 2, 2016 |title=About – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation  |publisher=IATI Registry |date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921190910/https://www.iatiregistry.org/publisher/about/bmgf |archive-date=21 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="iati-pub">{{Cite web|url=https://iatiregistry.org/publisher/bmgf|title=- Organizations – IATI Registry|website=iatiregistry.org|access-date=August 30, 2016|archive-date=September 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921112001/https://iatiregistry.org/publisher/bmgf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!
! colspan="8" | Committed funding ($ millions)
|-
! DAC 5 Digit Sector<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iatistandard.org/202/codelists/Sector/ |title=DAC 5 Digit Sector |publisher=IATI Standard |access-date=September 2, 2016 |archive-date=September 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916185432/http://iatistandard.org/202/codelists/Sector/ |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! Sum
|-
| Infectious disease control
| style="text-align:right;" | 256.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 720.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 462.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 528.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 1248.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 1271.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1097.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 5586.4
|-
| Malaria control
| style="text-align:right;" | 324.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 101.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 133.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 75.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 302.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 377.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 140.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1456.1
|-
| STD control including HIV/AIDS
| style="text-align:right;" | 175.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 26.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 291.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 199.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 184.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 264.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 1308.0
|-
| Tuberculosis control
| style="text-align:right;" | 69.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 211.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 59.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 273.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 135.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 244.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1094.0
|-
| Reproductive health care
| style="text-align:right;" | 173.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 66.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 84.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 207.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 130.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 905.8
|-
| Agricultural research
| style="text-align:right;" | 84.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 27.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 196.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 192.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 207.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 83.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 807.2
|-
| Family planning
| style="text-align:right;" | 104.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 21.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 21.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 49.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 145.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 181.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 688.9
|-
| Health policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 119.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 14.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 145.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 75.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 61.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 113.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 130.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 659.5
|-
| Agricultural development
| style="text-align:right;" | 5.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 30.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 35.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 325.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 86.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 481.3
|-
| Agricultural policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 72.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 30.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 86.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 19.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 96.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 460.3
|-
| Promotion of development awareness
| style="text-align:right;" | 47.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 45.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 35.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 41.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 124.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 61.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 80.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 436.2
|-
| Basic health care
| style="text-align:right;" | 22.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 23.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 43.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 73.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 1.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 45.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 206.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 416.7
|-
| Basic [[Human nutrition|nutrition]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 19.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 15.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 40.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 51.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 63.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 55.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 148.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 395.2
|-
| Basic [[sanitation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 34.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 82.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 74.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 59.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 48.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 64.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 375.5
|-
| Financial policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 29.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 9.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 70.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 32.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 53.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 222.5
|-
! Other
! style="text-align:right;" | 487.5
! style="text-align:right;" | 273.8
! style="text-align:right;" | 2208.9
! style="text-align:right;" | 260.2
! style="text-align:right;" | 332.1
! style="text-align:right;" | 433.3
! style="text-align:right;" | 2195.7
! style="text-align:right;" | 6191.5
|-
! Total
! style="text-align:right;" | 2002
! style="text-align:right;" | 1662
! style="text-align:right;" | 3887
! style="text-align:right;" | 2183
! style="text-align:right;" | 3126
! style="text-align:right;" | 3518
! style="text-align:right;" | 5107
! style="text-align:right;" | 21485
|}

The following table lists the top receiving organizations to which the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has committed funding, between 2009 and 2015. The table again only includes grants recorded in the Gates Foundation's IATI publications.<ref name="iati-pub"/>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Organization !! Amount ($ millions)
|-
| [[GAVI]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,152.8
|-
| [[World Health Organization]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,535.1
|-
| [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 777.6
|-
| [[PATH (global health organization)|PATH]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 635.2
|-
| [[United States Fund for UNICEF]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 461.1
|-
| [[The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 400.1
|-
| [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 340.0
|-
| [[Global Alliance for TB Drug Development]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 338.4
|-
| [[Medicines for Malaria Venture]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 334.1
|-
| [[PATH Vaccine Solutions]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 333.4
|-
| [[UNICEF Headquarters]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 277.6
|-
| [[Johns Hopkins University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 265.4
|-
| [[Aeras]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 227.6
|-
| [[Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 199.5
|-
| [[International Development Association]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 174.7
|-
| [[CARE]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 166.2
|-
| [[World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 166.1
|-
| [[French Development Agency|Agence française de développement]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.0
|-
| [[Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 153.1
|-
| [[Cornell University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 146.7
|-
| [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 146.4
|-
| [[United Nations Foundation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 143.0
|-
| [[University of Washington Foundation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 138.2
|-
| [[Foundation for the National Institutes of Health]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 136.2
|-
| [[Emory University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 123.2
|-
| [[University of California San Francisco]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 123.1
|-
| [[Population Services International]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 122.5
|-
| [[University of Oxford]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 117.8
|-
| [[International Food Policy Research Institute]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 110.7
|-
| [[International Institute of Tropical Agriculture]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 104.8
|}

According to the [[OECD]], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided US$4.1 billion for development in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/da5658fd-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5d8de3e1-en&_csp_=fcd6b6f78f50e596d3bf597cb6b3e3b5&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=chapter|title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation &#124; Development Co-operation Profiles – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation &#124; OECD iLibrary|website=www.oecd-ilibrary.org|access-date=July 7, 2020|archive-date=July 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726232906/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/da5658fd-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5d8de3e1-en&_csp_=fcd6b6f78f50e596d3bf597cb6b3e3b5&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=chapter|url-status=live}}</ref>