Editing Galilee (section)

===Iron Age and Hebrew Bible===
[[File:Ancient Galilee.jpg|thumb|170px|A map of Galilee, c. {{nowrap|50 CE}}]]

According to the [[Bible]], Galilee was named by the Israelites and was the tribal region of Naphthali and Dan, at times overlapping the [[Tribe of Asher]]'s land.<ref name=JVL>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/tribemap.html|title=Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel &#124; Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=2015-05-18}}</ref> Normally,{{when|date=August 2014}} Galilee is just referred to as "Naphthali".

[[1 Kings 9]] states that [[Solomon]] rewarded his Phoenician ally, [[King Hiram I]] of [[Sidon]], with twenty cities in the land of Galilee, which would then have been either settled by foreigners during and after the reign of Hiram or by those who had been forcibly deported there by later conquerors such as the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]. Hiram, to reciprocate previous gifts given to [[David]], accepted the upland plain among the Naftali Mountains and renamed it "the land of [[Cabul]]" for a time.<ref name=Phoenicia>Rawlinson, George (1889). "Phoenicia under the hegemony of Tyre (B.C. 1252–877)". ''History of Phoenicia''.</ref>

In the Iron Age II, Galilee was part of the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]], which [[Assyrian captivity|fell to the Assyrians]]. Archaeological survey conducted by Zvi Gal in Lower Galilee indicates that the area became deserted following the Assyrian conquest in the 8th century and remained so for several centuries; the local Israelite population [[Assyrian captivity|was carried off to Assyria]] after 732 BCE.<ref>Zvi Gal, Lower Galilee during the Iron Age (American Schools of Oriental Research Dissertation Series 8; Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1992), p. 108</ref><ref name=":0">Jensen, M. H. (2014). The Political History in Galilee from the First Century BCE to the end of the Second Century CE. ''Galilee in the late Second Temple and Mishnaic periods. Volume 1. Life, culture and society'', pp. 51–77</ref> Yardenna Alexandre discovered minor short-lived Israelite settlements in the Naḥal Ẓippori basin, which were built by survivors of the Assyrian conquest. Elsewhere, Galilee was depopulated.<ref name="Atiqot98">{{cite journal |author=Yardenna Alexandre |year=2020 |title=The Settlement History of Nazareth in the Iron Age and Early Roman Period |url=http://www.atiqot.org.il/download.ashx?id=1797 |url-status=live |journal='Atiqot |volume=98 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526102938/http://www.atiqot.org.il/download.ashx?id=1797 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> But there is evidence of Assyrian presence, based on artefacts in [[Cana]],<ref name="Skinner 113–125">{{Cite journal |last=Skinner |first=Andrew C. |date=1996–1997 |title=A Historical Sketch of Galilee |journal=Brigham Young University Studies |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=113–125 |jstor=43044121 }}</ref> and [[Konrad Schmid (theologian)|Konrad Schmid]] and Jens Schroter believe it was likely that Assyrians settled in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Schmid |first1=Konrad |title=The Making of the Bible: From the First Fragments to Sacred Scripture |last2=Schroter |first2=Jens |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0674248380}}</ref>