Editing Fukuoka (section)

===Mongol invasions (1274–1281)===
{{main|Mongol invasions of Japan}}
[[Kublai Khan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] turned his attention towards Japan starting in 1268, exerting a new external pressure on Japan with which it had no experience. Kublai Khan first sent an envoy to Japan to make the Shogunate acknowledge Khan's [[suzerainty]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub107/item494.html |title=MONGOL INVASIONS OF JAPAN |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305235610/http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub107/item494.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Kamakura shogunate]] refused. [[Mongolia]] repeatedly sent envoys thereafter, each time urging the Shogunate to accept their proposal, but to no avail.

In 1274, Kublai Khan mounted an invasion of the northern part of Kyushu with a fleet of 900&nbsp;ships and 33,000&nbsp;troops, including troops from [[Goryeo]] on the [[Korean Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wondersandmarvels.com/2015/06/blown-away-the-mongol-invasions-of-japan.html |title=Blown Away: The Mongol Invasions of Japan |date=June 22, 2015 |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228045522/http://www.wondersandmarvels.com/2015/06/blown-away-the-mongol-invasions-of-japan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This initial invasion was compromised by a combination of incompetence and severe storms. After the invasion attempt of 1274, Japanese [[samurai]] built a stone barrier {{cvt|20|km|0}} in length bordering the coast of [[Hakata Bay]] in what is now the city of Fukuoka. The wall, 2–3 metres in height and having a base width of 3 meters, was constructed between 1276 and 1277, and was excavated in the 1930s.

Kublai sent another envoy to Japan in 1279. At that time, [[Hōjō Tokimune]] of the [[Hōjō clan]] (1251–1284) was the Eighth Regent. Not only did he decline the offer, but he beheaded the five Mongolian emissaries after summoning them to [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]]. Infuriated, Kublai organized another attack on Fukuoka Prefecture in 1281, mobilizing 140,000&nbsp;soldiers and 4,000&nbsp;ships. The Japanese defenders, numbering around 40,000, were no match for the Mongols and the invasion force made it as far as [[Dazaifu, Fukuoka|Dazaifu]], {{cvt|15|km|0}} south of the city of Fukuoka. However, the Japanese were again aided by severe weather, this time by a [[typhoon]] that struck a crushing blow to the Mongolian troops, thwarting the invasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamikaze of 1274 and 1281 {{!}} East Asia, Typhoons {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/kamikaze-of-1274-and-1281 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

It was this typhoon that came to be called the ''[[Kamikaze (typhoon)|Kamikaze]]'' (''Divine Wind''), and was the origin of the term [[Kamikaze]] used to indicate [[suicide attacks]] by military aviators of the [[Empire of Japan]] against [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] naval vessels during World War II.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/kamikaze |title=Kamikaze Pilots & Aircraft |date=December 27, 2023  |access-date=January 9, 2024 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405111035/https://www.britannica.com/topic/kamikaze |url-status=live }}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="110" perrow="3" caption="">
File:Samurai Takezaki Suenaga detail Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba.jpg|[[Takezaki Suenaga]]
File:元寇防塁 (Genkou bourui) - panoramio.jpg|[[Genkō Bōrui]]
</gallery>